Chapter 17: Soil and Glass

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Microscope

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23 Terms

1

Microscope

The most important tool in the forensic soil scientists toolbox.

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2

Becke Line Method

A technique in optical mineralogy that helps determine the relative refractive index of two materials.

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3

Dusty dry soils

Tend to be light tan or white owing to lack of moisture.

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4

Humus

Collective organic fraction of soil.

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5

Fracture match

________; where glass can be individualized to a particular object.

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6

Soil

Earth material, either natural or man-made (concrete, gravel, other building materials), that is transferred from a crime scene to a person or object, or vice versa.

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7

Radial Cracks

Will form on the side of the glass opposite to the side of the impact.

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8

high speed projectile

When a(n) ________, such as a bullet, passes through a piece of glass, a crater will form in the glass that is larger on the exit side of the glass.

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9

Glass

An amorphous solid; a hard, brittle material that is usually transparent, but which lacks the ordered arrangement of atoms.

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10

Flat glass

Used to make windows and windshields and can also be shaped to form light bulbs, headlights, and other materials.

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11

Concentric Cracks

Fractures forming in an approximately circular pattern around the point of impact.

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12

Borosilicate Glass

Used in cookware, thermometers, and automobile headlights because it can take fast, extreme changes in temperature without cracking or shattering.

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13

Particle analysis

The key to understanding the nature of the samples under examination.

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14

Soil

________ contains both organic and inorganic materials.

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15

Common glass

made up largely of oxides of silicons that have been doped with other materials to give it its familiar properties

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16

Float glass

made by pouring the molten glass from a furnace into a chamber that contains a bed of molten tin

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17

Soda Lime Glass

made when calcium oxide and sodium carbonate are added

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18

Borosilicate Glass

used in cookware, thermometers, and automobile headlights because it can take fast, extreme changes in temperature without cracking or shattering

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19

Tempering

a process whereby the glass is heated and cooled rapidly, producing deliberate stress in the surface

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20

Flat glass

used to make windows and windshields and can also be shaped to form light bulbs, headlights, and other materials

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21

Container glass

used to make bottles and drinking glasses

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22

Glass Refractive Index Measuring Instrument (GRIM)

used in most forensic science laboratories to determine the refractive index of small glass particles

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23

Radial Cracks

will form on the side of the glass opposite to the side of the impact

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