Classification of Living Things

Taxonomy Levels

D omain

K ingdom

P hylum

C lass

O rder

F amily

G enus

S pecies

scientific naming

binomial

pt 1 - geuns → closest GROUP species belongs to

pt 2 - species → specific epithet within said genus

Domain

Most inclusic taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom level: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

6 kingdoms of living things

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Eubacteria Classifications

• Domain: Bacteria

• Kingdom: Eubacteria

• Prokaryotic

• Unicellular

• Heterotroph or Autotroph

• Asexual

• Ex: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Archaebacteria Classifications

• Domain: Archaea

• Kingdom: Archaebacteria

• Prokaryotic

• Unicellular

• Heterotroph/Autotroph

• Asexual

• Ex: thermophiles, methanogens

Protista Classifications

• Domain: Eukarya

• Kingdom: Protista

• Eukaryotic

• Unicellular

• Autotroph + Heterotroph

• asexual (except meosis → reduce chromosome to sperm +egg 4 sex)

• amoebas

Fungi Classifications

• Domain: Eukarya

• Kingdom: Fungi

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Heterotroph (decomposer)

• Sexual/Asexual (thru spore formation)

• Ex: Yeasts, mildews, molds, mushrooms

Plantae Classifications

• Domain: Eukarya

• Kingdom: Plantae

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Autotroph (photosynthesis)

• Sexual/Asexual

• Ex: Moss

Animalia Classifications

• Domain: Eukarya

• Kingdom: Animalia

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Heterotroph

• Sexual

• Animals: Mammals, fish, reptiles, birds

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes: Smaller, simple organisms w/o nucleus or other membrane organs

• Eukaryotes: Bigger, complex organisms w/ a membrane-bound nucleus (DNA in nucleus)

• Both: can reproduce and respond to the environment

Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Multicellular organisms need specialized organ systems, whereas all the life processes in a unicellular organism take place in that one cell

Autotroph, Heterotroph, and Decomposer

Makes food, consumes food, or breaks up dead matter for energy

Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore,

Heterotrophs: eats meat, eats plants, eats both

Scavenger

Heterotrophs: eats dead plants, animals, and carrion but not decomposer bc digests the same as other heterotrophs

Type of reproduction

sexual (pros/cons) creates more diverse genetics but requires more energy and two parents

asexual (pros/cons) faster, more energy-efficient but creates low genetic diversity

symbiotic relationship

The relationship between two species that live in close association with each other

mutualism

symbiotic relationship: both organisms benefit (+/+)

parasitism

symbiotic relationship: one organism benefits by living on or in the host and the other is harmed (+/-)

commensalism

symbiotic relationship: one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+/0)

predation

symbiotic relationship: one organism captures and feeds on another (+/-)

competition

symbiotic relationship: both organisms in the same ecological niche that compete for limited resources (-/-)

ecological niche

A specific role of a species within an ecosystem, including its use of resources, and relationships with other species (food, water, habitat