UTA Histology (BIOL 4311) Exam 2 with Dr. Charles

Match each glial cell with its primary function:

Astrocyte

Structural support + blood-brain barrier

Match each glial cell with its primary function:

Oligodendrocyte

Forms myelin in CNS

Match each glial cell with its primary function:

Microglia

Immune defense/phagocytosis

Match each glial cell with its primary function:

Ependymal cell

Produces and circulates CSF

Match each glial cell with its primary function:

Schwann cell

Forms myelin in PNS

Identify the labeled neuron structure.

Axon hillock

Astrocytes are primarily found in the ______ and help maintain the ______.

Word Bank: CNS, PNS, ventricles, gray matter, white matter

CNS; blood-brain barrier (closest option: gray matter environment)

Which glial cell is found in the PNS and is responsible for myelination?

Schwann cell

Identify the structure in this axon cross-section:

Myelin sheath

What is the function of the Myelin Sheath identified in Question 5?

Increases conduction velocity

Identify the CNS tissue shown:

Cerebellum

What is the major neuron present in the Cerebellum tissue from Question 7?

Purkinje cell

Identify this tissue:

Cerebrum

What is the major neuron present in the Cerebrum tissue from Question 9?

Pyramidal neuron

Identify the tissue type:

White matter

Which of the following best describes this tissue?

Rich in myelinated axons

Match each sensory receptor with its function:

Photoreceptors

Detect light

Match each sensory receptor with its function:

Hair cells

Detect sound and equilibrium

Match each sensory receptor with its function:

Olfactory receptor neurons

Detect airborne chemicals (smell)

Match each sensory receptor with its function:

Gustatory receptor cells

Detect dissolved chemicals (taste)

Identify the labeled structure in the eye:

Retina

Word Bank: anterior chamber, posterior chamber, vitreous chamber

The space between the cornea and the iris is the ______.

Anterior chamber

Identify the component found in this retinal layer:

Cell bodies

In the ganglion cell layer of the retina, which component is primarily present?

Cell bodies

True/False

The outer plexiform layer of the retina primarily contains synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells.

True

Identify the structure:

Organ of Corti

Organ of Corti is located in which chamber?

Scala media

Identify the epithelium shown:

Pseudostratified columnar (olfactory epithelium)

Describe how olfactory receptor neurons are related to the olfactory nerve.

Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar neurons whose axons bundle together to form the olfactory nerve (CN I) and pass through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb.

Identify the papilla type:

Circumvallate

Where is the Circumvallate papilla located?

Posterior tongue (in a V-shaped row)

Place the layers of the epidermis in correct order (superficial → deep):

Word Bank: stratum basale, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum → stratum lucidum → stratum granulosum → stratum spinosum → stratum basale

Identify the tissue types shown in the skin:

Stratified squamous epithelium + dense irregular CT

Identify the labeled structure:

Hair follicle

Identify the labeled structure:

Sebaceous gland

Identify the labeled structure:

Arrector pili muscle

Identify the gland type:

Eccrine gland

Identify the gland type:

Apocrine gland

Match each skin cell with its function:

Keratinocyte

Produces keratin

Match each skin cell with its function:

Melanocyte

Produces pigment (melanin)

Match each skin cell with its function:

Langerhans cell

Immune defense

Match each skin cell with its function:

Merkel cell

Touch receptor

Identify the tactile receptor:

Meissner corpuscle

Identify the tactile receptor:

Pacinian corpuscle

Distinguish the muscle tissue:

Skeletal muscle

Distinguish the muscle tissue:

Cardiac muscle

Distinguish the muscle tissue:

Smooth muscle

Identify the junction:

Neuromuscular junction

What tissue is on the presynaptic side?

Neuron

What tissue is on the postsynaptic side?

Skeletal muscle

Identify the junction:

Myotendinous junction

What tissue is on one side Myotendinous junction?

Skeletal muscle

What tissue is on the other side Myotendinous junction?

Dense regular connective tissue (tendon)

Identify the structure:

Sarcomere

Which protein forms the thick filaments?

Myosin

Which protein forms the thin filaments?

Actin

Distinguish the bone type:

Compact bone

Identify the cell:

Osteocyte

Identify the cell:

Osteoclast

Match the bone cell with its function:

Osteoblast

Builds bone

Match the bone cell with its function:

Osteoclast

Breaks down bone

Match the bone cell with its function:

Osteocyte

Maintains bone matrix

Which cartilage type is found in the trachea and provides flexible support?

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the labeled component:

Plasma

Compared to a normal smear, this sample shows abnormally shaped RBCs:

Sickle cell anemia

Identify the leukocyte:

Neutrophil

What is the primary function of Neutrophil?

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Identify the leukocyte:

Eosinophil

What is the primary function of Eosinophil?

Fight parasites

Identify the leukocyte:

Basophil

What is the primary function of Basophil?

Histamine release

Identify the leukocyte:

Monocyte

What is the function of a Monocyte?

Becomes macrophages

Identify the leukocyte:

Lymphocyte

What is the primary function of Lymphocytes?

Adaptive immunity

This smear shows abnormally elevated lymphocytes:

Leukemia

Compared to normal, this smear shows decreased WBC count:

Leukopenia