Lecture 1- ANHS 341

Sagital plane

frontal plane

transverse plane

Superior

Inferior

Cranial

Caudal

posterior (dorsal)

Anterior (ventral)

Distal

Proximal

Medial

Flexion/extension

Sagittal Plane Movement 1

Anterior/Posterior Tilting

Sagittal Plane movement 2

Plantar Flexion/dorsiflexion

sagittal plane movement 3

abduction/adduction

frontal plane movement 1

side bending

frontal plane movement 2

Elevation/depression

frontal plane movement 3

inversion/eversion

frontal plane movement 4

upward rotation/downward rotation

frontal plane movement 5

internal rotation/external rotation

transverse plane movement 1

spine/pelvis rotation

transverse plane movement 2

horizontal abduction/adduction

transverse plane movement 3

pronation/supination

transverse plane movement 4

Protraction/retraction

(scap only) transverse plane movement 5

spine flexion

spine extension

Spine rotation

Spine Lateral Flexion

Neck flexion

Neck extension

Neck Rotation

Neck Lateral Flexion

Ribs Elevation

Breath in

Ribs Depression

breath out

Scapula Elevation

Scapula Depression

Scapula Retraction

Scapula Protraction

upward rotation of scapula

downward rotation of scapula

Shoulder adduction

Shoulder abduction

Shoulder Medial Rotation

Shoulder Lateral Rotation

Shoulder Flexion

Shoulder Extension

Horizontal adduction

horizontal abduction

Supination of the forearm

pronation of forearm

Wrist adduction

Wrist abduction

thumb extension

thumb flexion

Thumb opposition

Thumb adduction

Mandible lateral deviation

Inversion of the Foot

eversion of foot

dorsiflexion of ankle

plantar flexion of ankle

206

number of bones in the body

ligament

structure that connects a bone to bone

functions of the skeletal system

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

Process

small bump

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Tubercle

small rounded projection

Spine

big raised ridge

Condyle

A smooth, rounded articular process

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle

Articular Surface

surface of a bone that moves against another bone.

Fossa

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

origin

attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction

Insertion

The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone or the end opposite the origin

Reverse muscle Action

when distal bone is stabilized and proximal bone moves

Closed Chain

Exercise is when the body moves over a fixed distal segment

open chain

distal segment is free to move

Aponeurosis

pearly-while fibrous tissue that takes place of a tendon in sheetlike muscles having a wide area of attachment.

Septum

wall, dividing a cavity of structure into smaller ones

Interosseous Membrane

thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body

Retinaculum

band around tendons that holds them in place, its function is to stabilize tendons.

Parallel muscle

Muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel to that muscle's longitudinal axis.

Types of parallel muscle

strap, fusiform, flat, sphincter, triangular

pennate muscle

A muscle with fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement.

types of pennate muscle

unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

triangular muscle

strap muscle

fusiform

flat muscle

unipennate muscle

Bipennate

multipennate muscle

Isometric

same length

contraction

the tightening of a muscle

concentric

muscle shortens