ss chpt stud guide 5

​What was the “shot heard round the world”?

First shot of the Revolutionary War, fired by minutemen at the battle of Lexington and Concord. It represents the changes that were taking place.

​What was Common Sense and who wrote it?

A pamphlet that influenced Americans to rebel, saying that they had no choice. It was written by Thomas Paine.

​Who were the Loyalists and Patriots?

Loyalists were colonists loyal to Britain who didn't think taxes were a reason for rebellion. Patriots were colonists who believed in the right to govern themselves and supported the war until independence was won.

​Who ran the 1st Post Office?

It was established by the 2nd Continental Congress, and Ben Franklin was in charge.

​What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A last colonial attempt at peace that King George III refused to see; instead, he hired 30,000 German troops.

​What was the Proclamation of 1763?

A proclamation made by the British to stop the colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains; it angered those who owned land there.

​What were the Sugar Act and Stamp Act?

The Sugar Act lowered the tax on sugar to stop smuggling but allowed officers to board ships. The Stamp Act put a tax on almost all printed materials to pay off war debts.

​What were the writs of assistance?

These documents allowed British officers to search almost anywhere—shops, warehouses, and even private homes—for smuggled goods.

​What were the Declaratory Act and Townshend Acts?

The Declaratory Act stated Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions “in all cases.” The Townshend Acts taxed imported goods like glass, tea, and paper before they were brought inside the colonies.

​Who was Thomas Jefferson?

A young Virginian, who was influenced by John Locke and wrote the Declaration of Independence.

​Who was Patrick Henry?

Patriot leader of the Virginia House of Burgesses who talked about the colonies uniting and gave the famous quote "give me liberty or give me death."

​Who was Samuel Adams?

He was a patriot leader in Boston who started the committees of correspondence and the Sons of Liberty, and signed the Declaration.

​Who were Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen?

Benedict Arnold was a captain who joined the Green Mountain Boys to attack Fort Ticonderoga but later became a traitor. Ethan Allen was the leader of the Green Mountain Boys who captured Fort Ticonderoga.

​What was the Boston Tea Party and the British response?

On Dec 16, 1773, Sons of Liberty threw 342 chests of tea overboard. Parliament responded with the Coercive Acts, forcing colonists to house soldiers, banning town meetings, and closing Boston Harbor. What was the Boston Massacre and the result?

​Who were Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott?

Sons of Liberty who rode to warn colonists the British were moving. Revere was captured, while Dawes and Prescott also rode to warn Concord.

​What was Bunker Hill?

The first British victory of the war, though a major battle. Colonel Prescott led the colonial militia.

​Who was John Locke and what were his ideas?

An English philosopher from the 1690s who expressed the idea that people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

​What are the 4 parts of the Declaration of Independence?

The Preamble (introduction), the Declaration of Natural Rights (rights of the people), the List of Grievances (complaints against the King), and the Resolution of Independence (declaring freedom).

​What was the 1st Continental Congress?

In September 1774, 55 delegates gathered in Philadelphia to represent the Americans and challenge British control. Only Georgia did not send a representative.

​What did the 2nd Continental Congress do?

They authorized the printing of money, set up a post office, established committees to communicate with Native Americans and other countries, and created the Continental Army led by George Washington.