Quiz on Asexual, Sexual Reproduction, and Mitosis Terms

Cell division

process where cell divides into two new daughter cells

Chromosome

threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Simpler: Carries genetic information, in the Nucleus, and chromosomes make up most of the protein

Asexual reproduction

reproductive process where one parent produces an identical offspring

Simpler: Where one parent produces an identical offspring

Asexual reproduction examples

clone, binary fission, budding

Sexual reproduction

reproductive process where two parents combine their genetic material to produce an offspring

Gamete

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

Chromatin

clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Sister chromatids

identical copies of a chromosome; these are created during the S Synthesis of interphase. located in the centromere

Centromere

region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids attach

Cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Interphase phases

G1, S, G2

G1 phase

stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

S phase

DNA is replicated

G2 phase

stage of interphase which synthesizes proteins and organelles

Prophase

chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

after chromosomes separate, two new nuclei form around separated sets of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell

Cytokenisis

division of the cytoplasm (final stage of cell cycle)

cleavage furrow

first sign of cleavage in an animal cell (a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate)

Difference between plant and animal mitosis

plants form a cell plate; animals form a cleavage furrow.

Mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

What is true about the number of chromosomes in gametes vs. the parent cells that gave rise to them?

gametes have half the number of chromosomes as the diploid parent cells

What are the proteins called that associate with DNA to form chromatin?

histones

Homologous chromosomes

matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism, one inherited from each parent

There is no interphase in mitosis

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Haploid vs diploid

one set of chromosomes vs two sets of chromosomes