Functional Anatomy Final

Frontalis

raises eyebrows

zygomaticus major and minor

raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)

temporalis

closes jaw

orbicularis oculi

closes eyelid

masseter

prime mover of jaw closure

buccinator

compress cheek

orbicularis oris

close lip

platysma

tenses neck

sternocleidomastoid origin

manubrium

medial 1/3 of clavicle

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process of the temporal bone and occipital bone

sternocleidomastoid action

extends head (bilateral)

flexes neck (bilateral)

laterally flexes the head and neck (unilateral)

rotates the head and neck towards opposite side (unilateral)

scalenes origin

C-spine transverse processes

scalenes insertion

1st and 2nd rib

scalenes action

flexes head and neck (bilateral, anteriorly)

laterally flexes head and neck (unilateral)

rotates head and neck towards opposite side (unilateral)

elevates 1st and 2nd rib during forced inhalation

rectus abdominis origin

pubis

rectus abdominis insertion

ribs 5-7

costal cartilage

xiphoid process

rectus abdominis action

flexes vertebral column (bilateral)

laterally flexes vertebral column (unilateral)

external oblique origin

ribs 5-7

external oblique insertion

ilium

anterior iliac crest

inguinal ligament

linea alba

external oblique action

flexes vertebral column (bilateral)

laterally flexes vertebral column (unilateral)

rotates vertebral column toward opposite side (unilateral)

compresses and supports abdominal organs

internal oblique origin

thoracolumbar aponeurosis

iliac crest

lateral inguinal ligament

internal oblique insertion

ribs 10-12

pubis

linea alba

internal oblique action

flexes vertebral column (bilateral)

laterally flexes vertebral column (unilateral)

rotates vertebral column toward same side (unilateral)

compression and supports abdominal organs

transverse abdominis origin

ribs 7-12

costal cartilage

thoracolumbar fascia

iliac crest

lateral inguinal ligament

transverse abdominis insertion

linea alba

iliac crest

pubis

transverse abdominis action

compresses and supports abdominal organs

assists with exhalation

diaphragm origin

ribs 7-12

costal cartilage

xiphoid process

bodies of L1-L2

diaphragm insertion

central tendon

diaphragm action

expands thoracic cavity during inhalation

compresses thoracic cavity during exhalation

external intercostals origin

lower border of ribs

external intercostals insertion

upper border of ribs below

external intercostals action

elevate ribs during inhalation

internal intercostals origin

inner surface of ribs and costal cartilage

internal intercostals insertion

upper border of rib below

internal intercostals action

depress the ribs during exhalation

erector spinae

extends the vertebral column (bilateral)

laterally flex vertebral column (unilateral)

rotates the head and neck toward same side (unilateral)

quadratus lumborum origin

iliac crest

quadratus lumborum insertion

transverse process of L1-L4

inferior border of 12th rib

quadratus lumborum action

extends vertebral column (bilateral)

laterally flexes vertebral column (unilateral)

depression/fixes last rib during inhalation

multifidus origin

transverse process of L5-C4

posterior sacrum

multifidus insertion

spinous process of L5-C2

multifidus action

extends vertebral column (bilateral)

rotates the vertebrae toward opposite side (unilateral)

deltoid origin

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

acromion process

spine of scapula

deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

deltoid action

abducts shoulder

flexes, internally rotates, and horizontally adducts shoulder

extends, externally rotates, and horizontally abducts shoulder

pectoralis major origin

medial clavicle

sternum

costal cartilage of ribs 1-7

pectoralis major insertion

lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

pectoralis major action

flexes shoulder

extends shoulder from overhead position

adducts shoulder from below shoulder height

abducts shoulder from above shoulder height

internally rotates shoulder

horizontally adducts shoulder

pectoralis minor origin

ribs 3-5

pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process

pectoralis minor action

protracts and depress scapula

elevate ribs 3-5

coracobrachialis origin

coracoid process

coracobrachialis insertion

middle 1/3 of clavicle

medial humerus

coracobrachialis action

flexes and adducts shoulder

biceps brachii long head origin

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

biceps brachii short head origin

coracoid process

biceps brachii insertion

radial tuberosity

biceps brachii action

flexes, abducts (long), and adducts (short) shoulder

flexes and supinates forearm

trapezius origin

occiput

ligamentum nuchae

spinous process of c7-t12

trapezius insertion

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

acromion process

spine of scapula

trapezius action

extends, laterally flexes, and rotates head and neck to same side

elevates and upwardly rotates scapula

retracts scapula

depresses and upwardly rotates scapula

levator scapulae origin

transverse process of C1-C4

levator scapulae insertion

superior angle of scapula

levator scapulae action

elevates and downwardly rotates scapula

extends, laterally flexes, and rotates neck to same side

rhomboid minor origin

spinous process of C7-T1

rhomboid major origin

spinous process of T2-T5

rhomboid major and minor insertion

medial border of scapula from root of spine to the inferior angle

rhomboid major and minor action

retracts, elevates, and downwardly rotates scapula

latissimus dorsi origin

spinous process of T7-L5

posterior iliac crest

posterior sacrum

latissimus dorsi insertion

medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

latissimus dorsi action

adducts, extends, and internally rotates shoulder

teres major origin

inferior lateral border of scapula

teres major insertion

medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

teres major action

adducts, extends, and internally rotates shoulder

serratus anterior origin

outer surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs

serratus anterior insertion

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

serratus anterior action

proteacts, depresses, and upwardly rotates scapula

assists with forces inhalation when insertion is fixed

supraspinatus origin

supraspinous fossa of scapula

supraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus action

abducts shoulder

infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa of scapula

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus action

externally rotates, adducts, extends, and horizontally abducts shoulder

teres minor origin

superior lateral border of scapula

teres minor insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor action

externally rotates, adducts, extends, and horizontally abducts shoulder

subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa of scapula

subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis action

internally rotates shoulder

triceps brachii long head origin

infra-glenoid tubercle of scapula

triceps brachii lateral head origin

proximal 1/2 of posterior shaft of humerus

triceps brachii medial head origin

distal 1/2 of posterior shaft of humerus

triceps brachii insertion

olecranon process of ulna

triceps brachii action

extends and adducts shoulder (long head)

extends elbow

brachialis origin

distal half of anterior humerus

brachialis insertion

coronoid process of ulna

brachialis action

flexes elbow

brachioradialis origin

distal humerus

brachioradialis insertion

lateral styloid process of radius

brachioradialis action

flexes elbow

pronates forearm

supinates forearm