psychology : jury bias - application

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8 Terms

1
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castello - keeping up appearances

  • defendants should be advised to dress formally for court and be neatly groomed with no visible tattoos

  • the aim is to give a good first impression and avoid negative judgement

2
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witness familiarisation techniques

  • lawyers may help witnesses build confidence in court by using witness familiarisation

  • this is when the lawyer will explain to them what will happen in court, describe the roes of those present

  • can also suggest strategies for dealing with cross-examination questions by doing a mock cross-examination to prepare them

3
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pennington and hastie

  • story order and witness order

  • the order in which a jury is told info impacts their verdict

4
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story order definition

  • lawyers present evidence in the sequence the events actually occurred

  • easy to construct the time of events and piece together what happened

5
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witness order

  • lawyers present the witnesses one at a time

  • difficult to construct the time of events and evidence put forward is jumbled, therefore more difficult to understand and piece together what happened

6
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pennington and hastie’s study procedure

  • aimed to test the hypothesis that jurors are more easily persuaded by story order than witness order

  • made ppts listen to a case and to reach either a guilty or not guilty verdict, also asked to rate their confidence of their decision on a 5 point scale (5 being very confident)

7
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pennington and hastie’s findings / conclusions

  • more likely to render a guilty verdict when prosecution statements were in story order, and defence evidence came in witness order (78%)

  • least likely to render a guilty verdict when the defence evidence was in story order and prosecution evidence in witness order (31%)

  • verdict was ruled in favour of whichever side had the story order

8
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expert witness

  • loftus study

  • half the jury read an experts testimony, half did not

  • expert was defending the accused due to people being less accurate at recognising members of another race, presence of a weapon, the fact the witness had been drinking etc

  • results showed the expert testimony promoted more discussion and it appeared to increase doubt about the defendants guilt