Chem 1 Exam 2 (Memorize)

Salts containing Na +

soluble

Salts that are always soluble

Containing Na +, K +, NH4 +, NO3 -, ClO3 -, ClO4 -, CH3CO2 -

Mostly soluble group

Cl -, Br -, I -

mostly insoluble group

CO3 2-, PO4 3-, C2O4 2-, CrO4 2-, S 2-

Salts containing K +

soluble

Salts containing NH4 +

soluble

Salts containing NO3 -

soluble

Salts containing ClO3 -

soluble

Salts containing ClO4 -

soluble

Salts containing CH3CO2 -

soluble

Salts containing Cl -

soluble, except Ag +, Hg2 2+, Pb 2+

Salts containing Br -

soluble, except Ag +, Hg2 2+, Pb 2+

Salts containing I -

soluble, except Ag +, Hg2 2+, Pb 2+

Salts containing F -

soluble, except Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+, Pb 2+

Salts containing SO4 2-

soluble, except Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+, Pb 2+, Ag +

Salts containing CO3 2-

insoluble, except NH4 +, alkali metal cations

Salts containing PO4 3-

insoluble, except NH4 +, alkali metal cations

Salts containing C2O4 2-

insoluble, except NH4 +, alkali metal cations

Salts containing CrO4 2-

insoluble, except NH4 +, alkali metal cations

Salts containing S 2-

insoluble, except NH4 +, alkali metal cations, BaS

Metal hydroxides and oxides

insoluble, except alkali metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2

Strong Acids

HCl, HI, HBr, H2SO4, HCLO3, HClO4, HNO3

Weak acids

carboxylic acids and oxyacids that aren’t strong

Strong bases

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Weak bases

Any bases that aren’t strong, usually has an NH bond

Oxidation State Rules (ORDER MATTERS!)

1. Atoms in elemental form have an O.S. of 0

2. A monatomic ion have the same O.S. as its charge

3. Fluorine has a -1 O.S.

4. Oxygen has a -2 O.S. (EXCEPTION: H2O2, where it’s -1)

5. Halogens other than fluorine have a -1 O.S.

REMEMBER: WHEN H IS COMBINED WITH A METAL, H’S O.S. DEPENDS ON THE METAL’S CHARGE (BECAUSE H AND A METAL WOULD BE IONIC)

ammonium

NH4 +

cyanide

CN -

acetate

CH3COO - (can be written different ways)

carbonate

CO3 2-

hydrogen carbonate

HCO3 - 

oxalate

C2O4 2-

hypochlorite

ClO -

chlorite

ClO2 -

chlorate

ClO3 -

perchlorate

ClO4 -

nitrite

NO2 - 

nitrate

NO3 -

phosphate

PO4 3-

hydrogen phosphate

HPO4 2-

dihydrogen phosphate

H2PO4 -

hydroxide

OH -

sulfite

SO3 2-

sulfate

SO4 2-

hydrogen sulfate

HSO4 -

chromate

CrO4 2-

dichromate

Cr2O7 2-

permanganate

MnO4 -

hypobromite

BrO -

bromite

BrO2 -

bromate

BrO3 -

perbromate

BrO4 -

hypoiodite

IO -

iodite

IO2 -

iodate

IO3 -

periodate

IO4 -

thiocyanate

SCN -

Mercury (I)

Hg2 2+

How to name binary acid

hydro - base name - ic

what is a binary acid

H and nonmetal

what is an oxyacid

H and oxyanion

how to name oxyacid

-ate = name-ic acid

-ite = name-ous acid

what is an alkane?

CH chain

how to name alkane

prefix-ane

what is an alcohol?

carbon chain with -OH group

how to name an alcohol?

Prefix-anol

what is a carboxylic acid?

carbon chain with -COOH group, weak acid

how to name carboxylic acid?

prefix-anoic acid