Spermatogenesis

Which hormone acts on Leydig cells?

LH

Which hormone acts on sertoli cells?

FSH

Which cells produce testosterone?

Leydig cells

Which cells nurse spermatogenesis?

sertoli cells

What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?

proliferation, meiotic, differentiation

What happens during the proliferation phase?

continuous stem cell renewal (mitosis)

What happens during the meiotic phase?

meiosis I and II

What are the four phases of differentiation?

golgi, cap, acrosomal, maturation

As maturation occurs, spermatozoa back out into the _____________.

lumen

What is the release of spermatozoa from seminiferous tubules into the lumen called?

spermiation

The head of a spermatozoa includes:

nucleus, acrosome, post-nuclear cap

What is the purpose of keratinization?

it protects DNA

What is the acrosome reaction?

release of enzymes from the acrosome to digest the zona pellucida

What does the middle piece of the tail have?

mitochondrial matrix

What is the term for the sequential ordering of stages along the length of the seminiferous tubule?

spermatic wave

What is the result of the spermatic wave?

fairly constant supply of spermatozoa

How can we measure sperm production non-invasively?

we can measure scrotal circumference

What is scrotal circumference directly related to?

age of puberty in daughters

How much abnormal sperm in a collection is considered acceptable?

5-15%

Where do head and tail abnormalities originate from?

testes

Where do cytoplasmic droplet abnormalities originate from?

epididymis

What does extender do for semen?

buffers and protects

Why do we add cryoprotectant?

minimize ice crystal formation within the cell

What is the method that separates X and Y chromosomes based on fluorescence?

flow cytometry