Introduction to Fashion and Textiles Design Principles

CREATIVE DESIGN

involves using computer-generated imagery and digital animation to visualize a product. It aims to produce unique and memorable designs that stand out.

CRAFTS

skills in making things especially with the hands, an occupation requiring skills with hands.

DESIGN

refers to the arrangement of any lines, forms, shape, color and texture with the purpose of achieving order and beauty.

Structural Designs

is the design made by the size, form, color and texture of an object.

Decorative Designs

applied to create a richer quality of an output, concerned with the design and decoration of an object for its utility. Is the surface enrichment of the structural design.

HARMONY

the Law of Unity. The pleasing arrangement of all elements that creates a sense of togetherness.

PROPORTION

the comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, degree or scale.

BALANCE

the way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability.

Formal Balance/Symmetrical

has equal color, shape or size.

Informal Balance/Asymmetrical

unequal elements.

RHYTHM

it is a smooth related movement where the eye automatically connects points in space.

EMPHASIS

the focal point of a composition where one area stands out the most.

LINE

A mark that spans a distance between two points. A continuous mark made by a moving point. The basic foundation of a sketch.

TEXTURE

Refers to the surface quality of an object.

COLOR

Consists of HUE (another term for color), INTENSITY refers to the brightness of color, VALUE refers to the lightness or darkness of color.

SHAPE

An enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements.

2-Dimensional FORM

height and weight.

3-Dimensional FORM

height, weight and depth.

SPACE

The distance or area between, around, above, below or within. It includes the foreground, middle ground and background.

Positive SPACE

filled with something.

Negative SPACE

is an empty area.

COLOR WHEEL

chart of color that shows how each color is related to other colors.

Primary Colors

are the basic colors from which all the colors come (red, yellow, blue).

Secondary Colors

are created by mixing two primary colors (green, orange, violet).

Tertiary Colors

are combinations of primary and secondary colors (red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet).

COLOR HARMONIES/Color Chords

refers to the number of pleasing color combinations.

Monochromatic Harmony

one color of different shade.

Analogous Harmony

three neighboring colors, one of which is dominant. (red-orange, orange, yellow-orange).

COMPLEMENTARY COLORS

the colors that are opposite to each other in the color wheel (yellow, violet, red, green).

DOUBLE COMPLEMENTARY

two neighboring colors and their opposite colors.

SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY

three colors diagonal with each other.

Embroidery

A craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn.

Embroider

The French word meaning 'Edge and Border'.

Embroidery Materials

Silk or Rayon fabric, needle or hoop, scissors.

Modified Oriental or Romanticism Stitch

A stitch used to replace the long and short stitch in embroidery.

Crewel Embroidery

Early American embroidery consisting of simple stitches worked with crewel thread in floral or scroll patterns on plain materials.

Philippine Embroidery

Famous in Batangas, Laguna and Quezon, it has enjoyed many years of acceptance and pride.

Nipis

A material used in 19th century Philippine embroidery, popularized along with Abaca, Pineapple leaves, Maguey, and Jusi.

Canvas Work

Embroidery done in wool or silk linen or in very fine canvas with threads on an even count.

Needle Work Cruell

An embroidery from England named after the type of wool used.

Cross Stitch

A stitch worked on canvas to produce large carpets.

Samplers

Varied practical uses of embroidery done at home, often used in education among young girls in America.

Ancient Embroidery

Examples from early Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, including fine strips of pure gold or metal wound around a foundation of linen thread.

Silk Embroidery

Developed in the orient along with silk fabrics, featuring richly colored silks embroidered with silk metallic thread or jewels.

Spanish Blackwork

An embroidery work introduced by Catherine of Aragon in the 16th century, done in black thread on white material.

Hot-Iron Transfer Design

A method of applying designs to material using heat.

Embroidery Factories in Manila

In 1920, there were 40 embroidery factories in Manila, mostly owned by Americans.

Industrial Export of the Philippines

Embroidery became the major industrial export of the Philippines.

COUNTED-THREAD EMBROIDERY

A technique that requires no tracing or transfer and is worked by counting the threads of the fabric and working each stitch over an exact number of threads.

LINEN

Derived from the fibres of the flax plant and is highly valued for its fresh and cool feel especially during hot weather.

WOOL

Derived from the hair and fur of different animals including sheep and goats, it is very warm and a good choice for colder weather garments.

AIDA CLOTH

A special fabric with an open but even weave, commonly used for embroidery.

SYNTHETIC FABRIC

Composed of man-made fibers.

NYLON

The most common fiber for textile and one of the strongest and most common fabrics on the market.

ACRYLIC

Lightweight, soft and warm with a wool-like feel, it can also be made to mimic other fibers such as cotton.

SPANDX

Highly durable fabric that is resistant to dry heat and oil, providing great comfort and flexibility.

SATIN

Satin fabric is smooth and glossy, usually made from silk, nylon, and polyester.

FABRIC

Any cloth made from yarn or fibers by weaving, knitting or felting.

NON-WOVEN FABRIC

Fabrics such as Felt.

WOVEN FABRICS

Usually best for embroidery, requiring appropriate thread count based on technique and threads used.

KNITTED FABRICS

Fabrics such as yarn and terry cloth.

TAPESTRY NEEDLES

Needles with a blunt point and a large eye for easy threading, commonly sized 13-28.

CHENILLE NEEDLES

Needles with large eyes and very sharp points, generally sized 13-24.

CREWEL NEEDLES

Needles with long narrow eyes and sharp points, usually sized from 1-10.

SMOCKING

An embroidery technique that gathers fabric using different stitches to create design and texture and incorporate stretch.

APPLIQUE

A handicraft made by applying design, fabric or ornament to another surface; a needlework technique where a fabric is sewn or attached to another fabric.

COTTON

Derived from the fiber of the tropical cotton plant, soft and fluffy.

ALL SEASON FABRIC

A fabric that provides comfort and flexibility without putting weight on the body of the wearer.