Anatomy Lecture Review: Spine, Thorax, Pelvis & Neuroanatomy

55 question-and-answer flashcards covering key anatomical concepts from the student’s lecture notes.

Which structure is part of the vertebral arch?

Pedicle

Which of the following is NOT a normal spinal curve?

Scoliosis

The zygapophyseal (facet) joint is what type of joint?

Synovial joint

Which vertebra lacks a body?

Atlas (C1)

Which extrinsic back muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder adduction?

Latissimus dorsi

Splenius capitis belongs to which intrinsic back-muscle layer?

Spinotransversales (superficial) layer

A herniated intervertebral disc most commonly compresses which structure?

Spinal nerve root

The annulus fibrosus is a component of what structure?

Intervertebral disc

Which spinal curve is considered abnormal?

Scoliosis

The nucleus pulposus is composed chiefly of what kind of material?

Gelatinous material

At which vertebral level is the diaphragm’s caval (IVC) opening located?

T8

The esophageal hiatus transmits which structures?

Esophagus and vagal trunks

The oblique fissure separates which lobes of the lung?

Upper and lower lobes

Which mediastinal compartment contains the heart?

Middle mediastinum

How is the right main bronchus anatomically described?

Shorter and wider than the left

In which cardiac chamber is the fossa ovalis located?

Right atrium

The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates which two heart chambers?

Left atrium and left ventricle

The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into which two arteries?

Right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

At which landmark does the trachea bifurcate?

Sternal angle (T4/T5 level)

The azygos vein drains into which large vessel?

Superior vena cava

The thoracic duct drains lymph from which regions of the body?

Left upper body and entire lower body

Which muscle is supplied by the phrenic nerve?

Diaphragm

The sternal angle lies at the level of which rib?

2nd rib

The pulmonary valve prevents backflow of blood into which chamber?

Right ventricle

Into which chamber does the coronary sinus empty?

Right atrium

The levator ani muscle forms part of which anatomical structure?

Pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm)

The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis through which foramen?

Infrapiriform portion of the greater sciatic foramen

The infundibulum of the uterine tube lies closest to which organ?

Ovary

Which vessel is contained within the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Ovarian artery

The prostate gland surrounds which structure?

Urethra

The cremaster muscle is derived from which abdominal wall muscle?

Internal oblique

Branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery primarily supply which region?

Gluteal muscles

The bulbospongiosus muscle is located in which region?

Perineum

The seminal vesicles secrete their fluid into which duct?

Ejaculatory duct

The sacrospinous ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into which foramen?

Greater sciatic foramen

Which nerve passes through the mental foramen?

Mental nerve (branch of CN V3)

What structure is housed within the sella turcica?

Pituitary gland

The facial nerve (CN VII) innervates which group of muscles?

Muscles of facial expression

Which cranial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?

CN VII (facial nerve)

The cochlea is responsible for which special sense?

Hearing

The internal carotid artery supplies blood primarily to which organ?

Brain

Which nerve passes through the foramen ovale?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Which cranial nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Which cranial nerve traverses the hypoglossal canal?

CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)

Which cranial nerve is NOT transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?

CN V3 (mandibular nerve)

Through which opening does the olfactory nerve (CN I) exit the skull?

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Damage to CN VIII would result in loss of which functions?

Hearing and balance

Broca’s area is located in which cerebral lobe?

Frontal lobe

The primary visual cortex is found in which lobe of the brain?

Occipital lobe

Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle via which passageway?

Interventricular foramina (of Monro)

The dura mater represents which meningeal layer?

Outermost layer

Degeneration of which basal ganglia structure is associated with Parkinson’s disease?

Substantia nigra

The superior sagittal sinus ultimately drains into which vein?

Internal jugular vein

The vermis of the cerebellum primarily controls which type of movement?

Axial and proximal limb movements

Wernicke’s area is chiefly responsible for which function?

Language comprehension