Chemical Solutions and Concentration Calculations

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to solution concentrations and calculations in chemistry.

Molarity (M)

A common way to express the concentration of a solution, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Dilution

Adding solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration.

Concentration

The amount of solute present in a given volume of solution.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure.

Percent by mass

A way to express concentration, calculated as the mass of solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100.

Percent by volume

A way to express concentration, calculated as the volume of the solute divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100.

Parts per million (ppm)

A unit of concentration used to describe very dilute solutions, expressed as mass of solute per million parts of solution.

Parts per billion (ppb)

A unit of concentration used for extremely dilute solutions, expressed as mass of solute per billion parts of solution.

Mass to volume percent

Concentration expressed as the mass of solute divided by the volume of solution, multiplied by 100.

Molarity formula

The formula for molarity is M = moles of solute / liters of solution.

Stoichiometry with solutions

A calculation method that uses the relationship between moles, molarity, and volume to relate different quantities in a reaction.

Chemical reaction equation

An equation that shows the reactants converting into products in a chemical reaction, including phase states.

Precipitate

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture during a chemical reaction.

Molar mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).