Devolution

Devolution

The transfer of administrative, legislative, and/or financial power from the central government (Westminster) to subordinate regional bodies (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland).

Three Types of Power Devolved

Administrative powers: The power to run public services ('run' the territory).

Legislative powers: The power to make laws/pass acts.

Financial powers: The power to raise/lower taxes.

When was Scotland devolved and what was the referendum result

Scotland Act 1998 (Referendum 74% yes, 60% T/O).

What electoral system does Scotland use

AMS

What are Scotland's devolved powers?

Extensive legislative and financial powers (e.g., control over tax, health, education, transport).

When was Northern Ireland devolved and what was the referendum result

Northern Ireland Act 1998 (Good Friday Agreement Referendum 71% yes, 81% T/O)

What electoral system does Northern Ireland use

STV

What are Northern Ireland's devolved powers?

Administrative and legislative (e.g., education, policing, justice).

When was Wales devolved and what was the referendum result

Government of Wales Act 1998 (Referendum 50.3% yes, 50% T/O)

What electoral system does Wales use

AMS

What are Wales' devolved powers?

Less extensive legislative and financial powers than Scotland, though these have been steadily increased (e.g., Welsh language, health).

Argument for devolution (Regions)

Devolution addresses the different political, economic, and social needs of the regions (e.g., different NHS or education policies).

Argument for devolution (Gov to people)

Devolution makes decision-makers more accessible and accountable to the local population.

Argument for devolution (Democratic deficit)

Responds to the desire for greater self-governance and reduces the need for constant central control over regional issues.

Argument against devolution (Weakening of Central Gov)

Critics argue it has unbalanced the power structure and is a 'slippery slope' towards the break-up of the UK.

Argument against devolution (Westlothian Q)

English MPs cannot vote on devolved matters in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish MPs can vote on matters that only affect England (e.g., the NHS in England). This is seen as unfair.

Argument against devolution (Complexity)

Creates a complex multi-level system of government that can be confusing and reduce transparency.