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Private Property
Property owned by individuals or corporations.
Common Property
Property shared by specific groups.
Public Property
Property owned by the government for public use.
Open-Access Property (res nullius)
Property that is not owned and available for unrestricted use, such as oceans.
Personal Property
Movable items like goods, vehicles, and equipment.
Real Property
Immovable assets such as land and structures.
Title
The legal right to control property, including usage, leasing, and transfer.
Bundle of rights
The rights associated with ownership, including the rights to use, sell, or restrict others’ use.
Mislaid Property
Property that is intentionally placed but forgotten; held by the premises owner.
Lost Property
Property that is unintententionally parted with; the finder has rights unless claimed by the original owner.
Abandoned Property
Property that is deliberately discarded; the finder can claim it.
Treasure Trove
Concealed property that is presumed owned by no one due to the original owner's unknown status.
Adverse Possession
Possession over a statutory period without the owner’s challenge can result in ownership.
Bailment
An arrangement where the owner entrusts property to another for temporary custody.
Fee Simple Absolute
Complete ownership of property without conditions.
Fee Simple Defeasible
Conditional ownership of property.
Life Estate
Ownership limited to the holder’s lifetime.
Leasehold Estate
Temporary rights to property, often in landlord-tenant relationships.
Eminent Domain
The government's right to take private property for public use with just compensation.
Trade Secrets
Information with economic value protected through secrecy efforts.
Trademarks
Brand identifiers like logos and slogans that are legally protected.
Copyrights
Legal protections for original works fixed in a tangible medium.
Fair Use Doctrine
Allows for limited use of copyrighted material for criticism, parody, or education.
Patents
Legal protections for inventions or designs that are novel, non-obvious, and useful.
Actus Reus
The physical act of committing a crime.
Mens Rea
The mental intent to commit a crime.
Self-defense
The act of protecting oneself with reasonable force.
Insanity
A defense indicating lack of capacity to understand one’s actions.
Entrapment
Being coerced by law enforcement into committing a crime.
Fraud
Deceptive practices such as Ponzi schemes.
RICO Act
Legislation addressing organized crime and white-collar offenses.
Insider Trading
Illegally trading based on non-public information.
Probable Cause
The requirement for a warrant, indicating reasonable grounds for search.
Exclusionary Rule
Prohibits the use of unlawful evidence in court.
Corporate Liability
Companies can be held responsible for employees’ criminal acts done within the scope of their employment.
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