Organic Chemistry- 3 Part 2

Stabilizes the carbocation and leaving group with ion-dipole

What does water do in an SN1 reaction?

Polar protic solvents

What are common solvents for SN1 and E1?

3>2»1

What is the stability of carbocations?

Weak base

What is a good leaving group?

The first step

What is the hardest step for an SN1?

Electrophile

Molecules/intermediates that would love to receive electrons, S+ or +

Nucleophile

Source of electrons, negative charge, lone pair, pi bond

Tetrahedral to trigonal planar

What does a carbocation change to and from?

Acid/base reactions

What is the fasted type of reaction?

Substitution

Mechanism that replaces one atom or group with another?

Elimination

Mechanism that forms an alkene?

SN2 or E2

Which mechanisms need a negative charge?

SN1 or E1

Which mechanisms need a lone pair?

Addition

Which mechanism needs a pi bond?

Fluoride

Which halogen is a terrible leaving group?

They are weak bases

Why are halogens usually the leaving group?

Yes

Does the concentration affect the rate of the reaction?

The bulky carbons limit the space for a reaction

Why are tertiary carbons never SN2?

Trigonal planar/flat

Why aren’t there any dashes or wedges on a carbocation?

Racemate

What forms during an SN1 reaction?

The alcohol group steals a hydrogen from the nucleophile to become a more stable leaving group

What is the difference in a reaction with an alcohol?

Diastereomers

What kind of relationship are cis and trans molecules?

Tetra-substituted>tri-substituted>disubstituted

What is the order of stability for alkenes?

When it is in axial position

In a chair, when can a leaving group perform an E2?

Anti-coplanar

What position does the base have to be in with the hydrogen for an E2?

Zaitsev’s rule

the most substituted alkene is favored with a small base

Elimination reactions

When is a reaction coordinate diagram endothermic?