FlashCards - Persian War I

Who founded the Persian Empire by defeating the Medes

Cyrus the Great.

Year Cyrus defeated the Medes

549 BCE.

Kingdom Cyrus conquered in 546 BCE taking its capital Sardis

Lydia.

Greek region annexed after taking Lydia

Ionia Greek cities in western Anatolia.

Empire Cyrus conquered in 539 BCE

Babylonian Empire.

Range of Persian Empire under Cyrus

From the Aegean Sea to the Indus Valley and from the Danube River to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.

Who succeeded Cyrus the Great

Cambyses II.

Major region added by Cambyses II

Egypt.

Persian king who ruled from 521 to 486 BCE and expanded into Thrace and Macedon

Darius I.

Event in 499 BCE that sparked the Persian Wars

The Ionian Revolt.

One major cause of the Ionian Revolt

Resentment over forced military service in the Persian army or anger at Persian controlled Greek tyrants.

Two mainland Greek city states that aided the Ionian Revolt

Athens and Eretria.

Year the Persians crushed the Ionian Revolt

494 BCE.

In 491 BCE what did Darius demand from all Greek states as a sign of submission

Earth and water.

How Athens and Sparta responded to Darius messengers

Athens threw them into a pit and Sparta threw them into a well.

Exiled Athenian tyrant who advised Darius to attack Athens

Hippias.

Exiled Spartan king at Darius court

Demaratus.

Year of the Battle of Marathon

490 BCE.

Number of Persian soldiers at Marathon

About 20000 to 25000.

Heavily armed Greek soldiers at Marathon

Hoplites.

Reason Spartans did not arrive before the battle

They were delayed by a religious festival.

Athenian general who persuaded the Greeks to attack at Marathon

Miltiades.

Commander of the Greek troops at Marathon

Callimachus.

Casualty numbers at Marathon

Persians 6400 dead and Greeks 192 dead.

How Athenians prevented a Persian landing after Marathon

They force marched back to Athens in seven hours arriving before the Persians