chapter 11 of anatomy and physiology mcgraw hill questions

what are the three meninges?

dura, arachnoid, pia

the cerebrum is the ______ of the mature brain.

a) earliest formed part

b) smaller part

c) largest part

c) largest part

Ventricles are cavities found in the _____ and are filled with _____.

a) brain ; cerebrospinafluid

b) brain; blood

c) spinal cord; blood

d) spinal cord ; cerebrospinal fluid

a) brain; cerebrospinal fluid

the neural centers and pathways that coordinate muscular movements are located in the ______.

a) venticles

b) spinal cord

c) brain

d) various ganglia throughout the body

c) brain

what is the brainstem composed of?

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

within the brain, the major area that is responsible for intelligence and personality is what?

cerebral cortex

what are the cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid?

ventricles

what are some general functions of the brain?

it issues motor commands, it is responsible for perception of sensation, it regulates visceral activity.

from where does the sensory areas of the cerebrum receive and interpret?

receptors

what are the areas on the cerebral cortex that interpret sensory impulses an handle reasoning and judgement?

association areas

what is the name for the large cells in the motor cortex of the cerebrum?

pyramidal

the neural centers and pathways that coordinate muscular movements are located where?

brain

which area of the cerebrum function to receive input from receptors, producing sensations?

sensory areas

what kind of matter does the basal nuclei consist of?

gray matter

what are the functions of association areas int he cerebral cortex?

analyze and interpret sensory experiences

the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe contains what functional area?

a) wernicke’s area

b) broca’s area

c) sensory interpretive area

d) primary motor area

d) primary motor area

what is the area of the brain, where it is located between the cerebral hemispheres, superior to the brainstem, and surrounding the third ventricle?

diencephalon

which areas of the cerebrum function to receive input from receptors, producing sensations?

a) somatic

b) motor

c) sensory

c) sensory

the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain are subparts of what part of the brain?

the brainstem

what is the general name of the areas of gray matter found deep in the white matter of the cerebrum (including caudate and putamen)

basal nuclei

the brainstem connects the ___ to the ____.

brain ; spinal cord

the diencephalon is located between two cerebral _____ and superior to the ______.

hemispheres; brainstem

what part of the nervous system is responsible for sensation and perception, issuing motor commands, personality, and regulating visceral activity?

the brain

what is the name of the large mass of tissue that is located inferior to the occipital lobe and posterior to the pons?

cerebellum

the spinal cord ends near the intervetebral disc that seperates the ______.

a) fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae

b) eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae

c) third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

d) first and second lumbar vertebrae

d) first and second lumbar vertebrae

the spinal cord consists of 31 segments. Each segment gives rise to a pair of what?

spinal nerves

all the basic components of a reflex are collectively known as a reflex _____.

arcs

the nervous tissue that becomes the spinal cord leaves the cranium through the ?

foramen magnum

how many segments are in the spinal cord?

31

a reflex arc begins with a sensory receptor at the dendritic end of a(n) _____.

a)sensory neuron

b) motor neuron

c) efferent neuron

d) interneuron

a) sensory neuron

what structure functions to conduct nerve impulses between the peripheral body and the brain and also acts a sa reflex center?

a) the reticular formation

b) the cerebellum

c) the spinal cord

c) spinal cord

a ______ is a nerve pathway that begins with a _____ receptor and ends with an effector. These nerve pathways are very simple and can contain as few as two neurons.

reflex; sensory

arrow b is pointing to the _____; arrow a pointing to is the ____.

sensory neuron; motor neuron

what is a reflex?

an automatic, involuntary response to a specific stimulus

carries sensory information, what type of neuron is this?

afferent neuron

relays signals within the CNS, what type of neuron is this?

interneuron

carries impulses to effectors, what type of neuron is this?

efferent neuron

which arrow is pointing to the interneuron?

C

because it only uses two neurons, the patellar reflex is an example of a?

a) viscera reflex

b) monosynaptic reflex

c) bysynaptic reflex

d) bineuronal reflex

b) monosynaptic reflex

a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus Is called?

reflex

what is the name of the tracts of the spinal cord which carries sensory information to the brain?

ascending tracts

what is the name of the tracts the carry motor impulses from the brain to the periphery?

depending tracts

what nervous system consists of all the nerves that branch from the CNS?

peripheral

the spinal cord is a center for spinal _____ an conducts impulses to an from the brain.

reflexes

what is a monosynaptic reflex?

a flex that involves two neurons only

are reflex voluntary or involuntary?

involuntary

which tracts in the spinal cord carry sensory information?

ascending tracts

what structure functions to conduct nerve impulses between the peripheral body and the brain and also act as a reflect center?

the spinal cord

a _____ is composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.

nerve

true or false: the cranial nerves serve parts of the head, neck, and also some structures of the trunk,

true

cranial nerves I and II are associated with the cerebrum while the remaining cranial nerves originate from the ____?

brainstem

cranial nerves and spinal nerves are part of the ____ nervous system?

peripheral

in the most generalized way, nerves can be defined as bundles of _____.

axons

the nervous system has twelve pairs of ____.

cranial nerves

what areas of the body do cranial nerves innervate?

head, neck, and some parts of the trunk

which cranial nerve contains only sensory nerve fibers and transmits impulses associated with the sense of smell?

olfactory nerve

most of the cranial nerves (cranial nerves III-XII) arise from the ___.

brainstem

what is the name of the cranial nerves II?

optic

what is the name of cranial nerve III?

oculomotor

what is the name of the cranial nerve IV?

trochlear nerve

the superior oblique muscles in the eyes is controlled by which cranial nerve?

trochlear

what is the name of cranial nerve V?

trigeminal

what is the name of the three large branches of the sensory component of the trigeminal nerve?

maxillary division, opthalmic division, mandibular division

when a physician moves a finger in front of a patients face, asking them to follow its movement with their eyes, they are testing the function of which nerve?

trochlear

it controls muscles of the pupil to adjust the amount of light entering the eye, it controls muscles that move the eye, it controls muscles that raise the eyelid. Which nerve is this describing?

oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)

which cranial nerve is known as the facial nerve?

cranial neve VII

what are the effectors of the motor fibers of the facial nerve?

salivary glands and tear glands; muscles of facial expression

what is the cranial nerve number for the abducens nerve?

cranial nerve VI

what is the effectors for the4 motor fibers of the trochlear nerves?

the superior oblique muscles in the eyes.

a bundle of descending lower spinal nerve roots that extend below the end of the adult spinal cord within the vertebral canal, this is describing?

cauda equina

motor signals leave the spinal cord through the ____ roots. Sensory signals enter the spinal cord through the ____ roots.

a) posterior;anterior

b) anterior; posterior

c) posterior; posterior

d) anterior; anterior

b) anterior; posterior

how do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

through the intervertebral foramina

as the lumbar and sacral nerves extend inferiorly beyond the end of the spinal cord, they form the _____.

cauda equina

what type of fibers are found in the anterior root of a spinal nerve?

the axons of motor neurons

what are the functions of the cervical plexus?

supply motor impulses to muscles of the neck, transmit sensory information from the skink of the neck to the CNS.

Nerves arising from the ______ plexus innervated the upper limbs.

brachial

what plexus give rise to a number of nerves that control the muscles of the thighs, legs, and feet?

lumbosacral plexus

the anterior roots consists of _____ fibers (axons) while posterior roots consists of ______ fibers (axons).

motor; sensory

the ____ plexus give rise to nerves that innervates the upper limbs.

brachial

what type of fibers are found in the anterior root of a spinal nerve?

the axons of motor neurons

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

parasympathetic and sympathetic

the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis and controls visceral activities by regulating the actions of ?

cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, anf several glands

an autonomic motor pathway consists of what two fibers?

postganglionic fiber and preganglionic fiber

what is the origin of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers?

a) the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

b) the brainstem and the cervical regions of the spinal cord

c) the brain stem and the sacral regions of the spinal cord

a

what are the origins of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

the brainstem and the sacral regions of the spinal cord

sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers both release which neurotransmitter?

acetylcholine

the division of the PNS regulates visceral activities and maintains homeostasis is called _____ nervous system

autonomic

the preganglionic fibers of the ____ division of the autonomic nervous system arise from the thoracic an upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

sympathetic

autonomic regulation of visceral functions, such as body temperature hunger, and thirst, occurs in what area of the brain?

the hypothalamus

typically, if the sympathetic vision of the autonomic nervous system activates an organ, the parasympathetic division _____.

a) doe snot innervate it

b) inhibits it

c) also activates it

b

what is true about apoptosis in the brain?

if it fails, disease like schizophrenia may result and it is a normal natural occurrence

when does stimulation at cholinergic receptors end?

when acetylcholine is broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft