APUSH Period Four

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson vs John Adams

Thomas Jefferson wins

1st Democratic Republican president

Louisiana Purchase

1803

Purchased from France for 15 million

Unconstitutional (the ability to buy property from foreign governments was not a power the federal government had in the Constitution )

Doubles the size of the US

Adams - Onis Treaty

1819

Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States

Oregon Territory

1846

Included Idaho, Oregon, Montana, Washington, Wyoming

Mexican American War

1846- 1848

Annexed Texas

Mexico thought border was on Nueces River, America thought border was Rio Grande

American victory

Indian Removal Act

1830

Andrew Jackson

Allowed the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders

Trail of Tears

Displaced Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw

Treaty of Guadelupe

1848

Ended the Mexican American war

Napoleanic Wars

1803

France declared war on Europe

Rule of 1756

if you stop trade with a country during peacetime, you cannot renew this during war time. (British Rule)

Napolean tries to restart ____ trade with America

sugar

Embargo of 1807

Not allowed to trade with other countries, unless the winds take them to a port

Overall failure, economy goes down

Example of Economic Interdependence

North runs textile mills, South produces cotton

1817- 1840 textiles increase up to 1000%

Democratic Party

Andrew Jackson

Pro military, anti commerce / anti bank, anti native, expand suffrage

National Republican Party

Pro bank, pro industry, pro commerce

Whig Party

Henry Clay

Pro industry, pro commerce, pro bank, pro interdependence

Morally against Jackson / Native treatment

Wanted assimilation

Marbury v Madison

1803

Supreme Court has authority of judicial review: acts of congress and the President

Ruled by John Marshall (federalist)

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819

A federal institution can operate inside a state act against the law / policy of the state

Supremacy Clause (Federal law trumps state law)

Gibbons v Ogden

1824

Federal government has a final say on interstate commerce

Ruled against state monopolies

Increases road systems, canals, railroads

Temperance Movement

Alcohol was evil, and drove men to be more violent

Sunday School Movement

School on sundays for rural and urban kids for those who couldn’t afford it

Second Great Awakening

1740s - 1840s

Inner spirituality, truth

Desire to form a personal connection with God

Millenarianism

the idea that Jesus has come again / will come again, need to reset society to be more Christian

Religions that practice millenarianism

Baptists

Methodists

Shakers

Mormons

Baptists + Methodists

popular in the west

less tradition, more spiritual

Shakers

Mother Ann Lee

Named after their dancing

Celibate

Segregated men and women

New England movement

Mormonism

Joseph Smith

Followed Book of Mormon

Not accepted in the early 19th century 

Brigham Young led Mormons to Utah in 1844

Unitarians

Enlightened Rationalism

Rejected Jesus’ Divinity

Believed he was real, but not a divine being

Romanticism

Response to Enlightenment

Nationalism Art

Began at Hudson River School

Paint American landscapes, Appalachian, Rockys

Transcendentalism

Live your inner truth / innate good

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American Scholar

1800 x% Europe art -> 1850 x% Europe art

75 → 30

Adam Smith

Wrote Wealth of Nations (described fundamentals of capitalism)

Fundamentals of Capitalism

Free trade (no tarrifs or guilds)

Competition guarantees that quality/prices stays good

Invisible Hand

we are driven by helping people or profiting off people

Market Revolution

early 19th century

More people are purchasing manufactured goods as opposed to making them

Causes division between North and South

Give examples of immigrants in America used for labor up North

Southern Germany, Ireland (Catholics)

King Cotton

Dominance of cotton industry in the South

Sectionalism

Industry / Labor vs Agriculture / Slavery

List four black abolitionists

Fredrick Douglas

Nat Turner

Richard Allen

David Walker

Fredrick Douglas

Escaped slave, started newspaper called North Star

Nat Turner

religious visionary, started a revolt in 1831

Richard Allen

black methodist minister, started Bethel Church in protest against segregated churches

David Walker

black textile shop owner, smuggled anti slavery propaganda to South  

Missouri Compromise

1820

There cannot be any more slave states admitted past the 36-30 line

Added Missouri as a slave state (above the line, is an exception) and Maine as a free state to keep balance

Non Morality Abolition

Free Soilers

Some Northerners didn’t want black people in the West (limits black people to the South)

Protect wages of workers