Year 9 Biology Revision

These flashcards cover key concepts in cell biology, including cell structure, stem cells, transport mechanisms, and key definitions.

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

site of aerobic respiration

Where in the body can adult stem cells be found?

in bone marrow, skin, blood, and intestines.

What is the difference between multipotent and pluripotent stem cells?

Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types, while pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into almost any type of cell.

What is active transport?

Active transport is the movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.

What is the equation for calculating magnification?

The equation for calculating magnification is image size divided by real size.

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are simpler, do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and are typically single-celled, while eukaryotic cells have these organelles.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Name one reason why some people object to embryonic stem cell research.

Some people object because it involves the destruction of potential human life.

What is the role of the acrosome in sperm cells?

The acrosome contains digestive enzymes that break down the egg's protective outer layers, enabling the sperm to deliver genetic material to the egg.

List three adaptations of exchange surfaces that improve their efficiency.

1. Large surface area, 2. Thin membrane, 3. Efficient blood supply.