Vitamins - biochem II

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

makes thiamine pyrophosphate for aldehyde transfer via a thiazolium

ion & prevents beriberi

Vitamin Riboflavin

vitamin B2; has two coenzyme forms

1) FMN (Flavin MonoNucleotide)

2) FAD ( Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)

used for making FAD and FMN used in electron transfers & prevents

angular stomatitis.

function: oxidation-reduction

Vitamin Niacin

Vitamin B3; has two coenzyme forms

1) NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

2) NADP (NAD Phosphate)

makes NADH and NADPH & prevents pellagra

function: oxidation-reduction

Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin B5; two active forms

1) coenzyme A

2) phosphopantotheine

both participate as acyl groups carriers

makes coenzyme A & prevents hypertension

function: acyl group carrier

Pyridoxine

Vitamin B6

its coenzyme form is pyridoxal phosphate

makes pyridoxal phosphate, catalyzed multiple reactions, & prevents

depression & dermititis.

function: transamination reaction

Biotin

Vitamin B7

used for carboxyl transfers & rash & muscle pain& raw egg white injury

serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in carboxylation (addition of CO2 to a compound)

function: one C group transfer

Folic Acid

makes tetrahydrofolate for methyl transfers and redox reactions

(multiple valence states of carbon) & prevents anemia

function: Carboxylation

Cobalamine

vitamin B12

function in one-carbon metabolism

transfer of methyl group to form methionine and rearrangement of methyl in methyl malonyl CoA to form succinyl CoA

function: methyl group transfer

cyanocobalamin

(B12) used for molecular rearrangements, ribonucleotide

reductions, and methyl transfers & prevents pernicious anemia

ascorbate (C)

an antioxidant, used for making hydroxyproline & prevents scurvy

ergocalciferol (D2)

made from UV reaction with 7-dehydrocholesterol and is

used to regulate calcium and phosphorous metabolism in bones & prevents

rickets

cholecalciferol (D3)

closely related to ergocalciferol in structure, synthesis &

functions

α-tocopherol

a fat soluble antioxidant & prevents sterility in rats

naphthoquinone (K)

used for making gamma-carboxy glutamate and used for

blood clotting & prevents hemorrhages