Cardiovascular and Pharmacology Concepts

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts in cardiovascular health, heart rate regulation, and blood pressure classification from the lecture notes.

Cardiac Output (CO)

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (Volume x Heart Rate).

Heart Failure (HF)

A condition characterized by a decrease in cardiac output.

Normal Adult Heart Rate

A pulse rate between 60-100 beats per minute (bpm).

Baby Heart Rate

A pulse rate typically higher than 110 beats per minute (bpm).

Gender Effect on Heart Rate (Females)

Tend to have a slightly higher resting heart rate compared to males.

Fever Effect on Heart Rate

Causes the body to vasodilate, leading to an increased heart rate.

Hypocalemia Effect on Heart Rate

Can cause an increase in heart rate.

Stress/Anxiety/Pain Effect on Heart Rate

Factors that can lead to an increased heart rate.

Position Changes Effect on Heart Rate

Can lead to an increased heart rate.

Metoprolol

A medication, often a beta-blocker, used to decrease heart rate. (Biguain was unclear and omitted for accuracy).

Systolic Blood Pressure

The pressure exerted by blood on artery walls during the contraction of the heart's ventricles.

Diastolic Blood Pressure

The pressure exerted by blood on artery walls during the resting phase of the heart.

Normal Blood Pressure

A measurement less than 120 mmHg systolic and less than 80 mmHg diastolic.

Elevated Blood Pressure

Systolic pressure between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg.

Stage 1 Hypertension

Systolic pressure between 130-139 mmHg OR diastolic pressure between 80-89 mmHg.

Stage 2 Hypertension

Systolic pressure 140 mmHg or higher OR diastolic pressure 90 mmHg or higher.

Hypertensive Crisis

Systolic pressure 180 mmHg or higher AND/OR diastolic pressure 120 mmHg or higher.

Non-Pharmacological Hypertension Management

Lifestyle changes including exercise, a diet with limited sodium (<2g), alcohol moderation, and no smoking.