Physical Science Test 1

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31 Terms

1
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What is science?

Science is the study of stuff. As a noun it is an organized body of knowledge about nature. As a verb, it is a method to exploring nature and discovering the order within it.

2
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What is the scientific method?

it is not a set way of solving a problem but has five elements that define a process as the scientific method.

3
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What are the five parts of the scientific method?

  • recognize a question or problem

  • Establish a hypothesis

  • Predict consequences

  • Do experiment

  • Draw conclusion

4
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What is a hypothesis?

it is an educated guess about a question or problem

5
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What is a theory?

a theory is a synthesis of facts and well tested hypothesis

6
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What is a Law?

a hypothesis/theory that has been tested repeatedly and has not been contradicted.

7
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What are the rules that define sig figs?

  • zeros between other digits are sig figs

  • Zeros at the end of a number after a decimal point are sig figs

  • zeros preceding the first nonzero digit are NOT sig figs

  • Zeros at the end of a large number when no decimal point is present are NOT sig figs

  • Defined quantities are exact and have an infinite number of sig figs

  • the exponent in a number written in scientific notation does not influence the amount of sig figs

8
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What is the addition and subtraction rule around sig figs?

you must keep only as many digits after the decimal as in the least accurate quantity.

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What is the rule for multiplication and division with sig figs?

you must keep only as many sig figs as the number with the fewest sig figs.

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What do you do when a sig fig problem has addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division?

You find the answer using all available digits. the Number of Sig figs is the same as the number with the least amount of sig figs.

11
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What is the difference between precision and accuracy?

Precision= how consistent a measurement is

Accuracy= how close the measurement is to the actual value.

12
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What is a force?

A force is a push or a pull that is an interaction. Objects do not have a force.

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What is Inertia?

it is the property by which objects resist change in motion

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What is mass?

a measure of matter and inertia of a material object.

15
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What is weight?

it is the force upon an object due to gravity.

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What is volume?

it is the quantity of space an object occupies

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What is a net force?

the net force is the sum of the forces on an object in one system

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What is a vector quantity?

the idea that forces have direction and magnitude

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What is the Equilibrium rule , also known as mechanical equilibrium?

is when the net force on something is zero

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What is static equilibrium?

it is when an object remains stationary and the forces add up to zero

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What is dynamic equilibrium?

it is when an object is moving at speed in a straight line path.

22
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What is a support force?

it is the upward force opposite to the force of gravity

23
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What is friction?

friction is the resistive force that opposes the motion or attempted motion of an object past another with which it is in contact.

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What is air resistance?

it is the force of friction that acts upward.

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What is velocity?

it is when we know both the speed and direction of an object

26
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What is acceleration?

it is the rate of change in velocity

27
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What is a free fall?

it is when the only force that acts on a falling object is gravity

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What is speed?

it is how fast something is going in one direction

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What was newton’s first law of motion?

every object continues in a state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless acted upon by a non-zero force. This law of motion is built off of galileo’s law of inertia

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What is newton’s second law?

the acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the net force , is in the same direction as the net force , and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

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What is newton’s third law?

whenever one object exerts a force on a second object , the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.