Fluency Disorders

prevalence

1-2%

how often do stutters have dysfluencies

on 10% of words

what are the 3 bases for determination

frequency, type, and duration

types of interruptions

repetitions, prolongations, blocks

dysfluencies present in typical speakers

interjections, revisions

what interruptions are most common in stutters

sound prolongations and part word repetitions

how long does the interruption have to last

1 second or more

where does stuttering typically occur

• beginning of words/sentences

• on less common words

• on consonants more than vowels

• on longer words

what are secondary/associated motor behaviors

behaviors at one time associated with successful termination of dysfluency

examples of secondary/associated motor characteristics

avoidance behaviors, circumlocution, facial characteristics, extremity movement breathing abnormalities

two types of stuttering

developmental and neurogenic

characteristics of developmental stuttering

onset before 3, severity worsens, no known cause, avoidance and anxiety

characteristics of neurogenic stuttering

precipitating event, no secondaries/avoidance, no change when singing or reading

predisposing factors

family history, gender

precipitating factors

adults not attuned to developmental level of child increase communicative stress

stuttering assessment

case history, assess type, duration, and frequency and perceptual ratings

what are some perceptual ratings

intelligibility, naturalness, pragmatics, articulation accuracy