5.2.3 The Eye
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22 Terms
What is myopia?
Myopia (short-sightedness) is when the lens is too curved, so distant objects appear blurry.
What is hyperopia?
Hyperopia (long-sightedness) is when the lens is too flat, so near objects appear blurry.
How can spectacle lenses correct eye defects?
Concave lenses spread out light to correct myopia; convex lenses bring rays together to correct hyperopia.
How do contact lenses work?
Contact lenses work like glasses to correct vision but are placed directly on the eye; available as hard or soft types for different lengths of time.
How does laser eye surgery correct eye defects?
Lasers reshape the cornea: flattening it for myopia or curving it more for hyperopia, changing how light is refracted.
How do replacement lenses treat hyperopia?
Hyperopia can be corrected by replacing the lens with a clear plastic one or adding plastic on top; risks include retina damage or cataracts.
What is the function of the retina?
The retina is a layer of light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye that detect light and send impulses to the brain to create an image.
What does the optic nerve do?
The optic nerve carries impulses from the retina to the brain to create an image.
What is the role of the sclera?
The sclera is the white outer layer that supports the structures inside the eye and protects it from damage.
What is the function of the cornea?
The cornea is the transparent front layer that allows light through and refracts it onto the retina.
What is the role of the iris?
The iris controls the size of the pupil by contracting or relaxing muscles to regulate how much light enters the eye.
How does the iris respond in bright light?
Circular muscles contract and radial muscles relax, making the pupil smaller to avoid retinal damage.
How does the iris respond in dim light?
Circular muscles relax and radial muscles contract, making the pupil larger to allow more light in.
What do ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments do?
They control the shape of the lens to allow focusing on near or distant objects.
What happens when focusing on a near object?
Ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments loosen, lens becomes thicker and more curved, refracting light more strongly.
What happens when focusing on a distant object?
Ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments tighten, lens becomes thinner and less curved, refracting light less.
What is myopia?
Myopia (short-sightedness) is when the lens is too curved, so distant objects appear blurry.
What is hyperopia?
Hyperopia (long-sightedness) is when the lens is too flat, so near objects appear blurry.
How can spectacle lenses correct eye defects?
Concave lenses spread out light to correct myopia; convex lenses bring rays together to correct hyperopia.
How do contact lenses work?
Contact lenses work like glasses to correct vision but are placed directly on the eye; available as hard or soft types for different lengths of time.
How does laser eye surgery correct eye defects?
Lasers reshape the cornea: flattening it for myopia or curving it more for hyperopia, changing how light is refracted.
How do replacement lenses treat hyperopia?
Hyperopia can be corrected by replacing the lens with a clear plastic one or adding plastic on top; risks include retina damage or cataracts.
