Biochemistry III Flashcards

Flashcards about Biochemistry III lecture notes.

Metabolism

All biochemical reactions necessary for life, divided into catabolism (breakdown) and anabolism (synthesis).

Catabolism

The breakdown of molecules.

Anabolism

The synthesis of molecules.

Carbohydrates

Primary energy source; glucose is metabolized to produce ATP.

Lipids

Long-term energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules.

Proteins

Enzymatic catalysis, structural support, cellular communication, and energy source under metabolic stress.

Nucleic Acids

Store and transmit genetic information; ATP, a nucleotide, serves as an energy currency.

Glycolysis

Conversion of glucose to pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH.

Gluconeogenesis

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Beta-Oxidation

Fatty acids broken down into acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria for ATP production.

Lipogenesis

Excess glucose and acetyl-CoA converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides.

Ketogenesis

Acetyl-CoA is converted into ketone bodies used as energy.

Protein Catabolism

Dietary proteins are broken down into amino acids for biosynthesis or energy.

Urea Cycle

Ammonia converted into urea and excreted.

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Purines and pyrimidines are synthesized from amino acids, ribose sugars, and high-energy molecules.