Romans Final Exam (test 3) - Robertson

Romans 3:23-24 NIV

For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and all are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus.

Romans 8:1 NIV

Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death.

Romans 12:1-2 NIV

'Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God's mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God—this is your true and proper worship. Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is—his good, pleasing and perfect will.

What is the central thesis of Romans

1:16-17, Righteousness, Justification, and Faith

Imperial Cult

Worship of Emperors

Diaspora

Scattered: Jews living out of Palestine/ in the Gentile world

Septuagiant (LXX)

70: translations from Hebrew to Greek (250 B.C.)

What was a byproduct of the Septuagint

More Jews spoke greek

What are 3 Jewish Identity Markers

1. Circumcision

2. Sabbath Keeping

3. Food Laws

What is the purpose of Romans

1. Detailed presentation of the gospel

2. Help the Christians in Rome

3. Deal w/ ethnoreligious differences

What is the main thesis verse of Romans

Rom. 1:16-17

What is the chapter outline of Romans?

1-4: Justification by Faith

5-8: Christian Living

9-11: Place of Israel in Salvation History

12-16: Christian Relationships

Define the Church in Rome as expressed in the beg. of class

Ethnically & culturally mixed church

When was the Edict of Claudius

49 AD

When was Claudius emperor

41-54 AD

When was Romans written (approx)

55 AD

In Acts 18:2, Claudius commands the Jews to leave Rome, why?

Because the Jews caused continuous disturbances at the instigation of certain Chrestos

W. Wiefell's Theory

- Roman Church created by Jews

- Jews forced to leave

- Jews return 20 years later to Gentile ran churches

- Leaders conflict

Dikaiosune

Righteousness (Noun)

Dikaio

Justify (Verb)

What 3 words closely relate to Faith?

1. Trust

2. Allegiance

3. Obedience

What is general revelation

Evidence if existence & nature of God in creation

What is special revelation

God revealing truths to certain people at certain times and places

Why is the whole world w/out excuse for following Christ?

1. God's eternal power

2. God's divine nature

3. Right vs. Wrong feeling

Forebearant

Holding back

Diatribe

Debate w/ an imaginary opponent

According to Wright, what is the definition of Sin?

Force of evil like an infectious disease

According to Wright, what is the definition of Flesh?

The physical and mental corruptibility in humans

Righteousness

1. Being right in relation to God

2. No penalty for us

3. Comes from God as a gift

Propitiation

Sacrifice that appeases the wrath of God

"By His blood" meaning

1. Love for us

2. Wrath against sin

"By faith" meaning

Earn gift/ "Receive"

How is Abraham the father of the faithful?

Because he was justified by his works, not under the law.

Meritorious works

trying to earn right status (endless & exhausting)

Grace

Unmerited favor (undeserved mercy)

What is the Qal Wahomer argument?

From the lesser to the greater --> If ____ is true, then how much more is ____ true

Licentiousness

Belief to have freedom to do what we desire

Antinomianism

Belief there are no laws needed to be obeyed

How could Paul's message in Romans 6 be misunderstood?

Hedonistic tendencies of Licentiousness or Antinomianism

How do Christians re-enact the gospel in conversion?

1. Death - Repentance and renunciation of new life

2. Burial - Immersed w/ baptism

3. Resurrection - Raised to new life

What does redeemed by Christ mean in the context of Romans 6?

Purchased by Him

What is the parallel to Sin?

DEATH

What is the parallel to God's given gift?

Eternal Life

What are the 2 Autobiographical "I" in Romans 7?

1. Paul as a Christian

2. Paul under the law but before he was a Christian

What are the 2 Rhetorical "I" in Romans 7?

1. Israel under the Torah

2. Anyone who strives for righteousness by law-keeping alone.

Which "I" does Robertson favor?

"Anyone who strives for righteousness by law-keeping alone"

Why does Robertson favor this "I" in Romans 7?

1. Encompasses all the other theories (including Paul as describing himself)

2. Explains Christians universal struggle against "what a wretched man I am"

3. It leads to praise

Wretched Person

Only thinking of their weakness failing against sin's power

Thankful Person

Someone who has accepted they need God --> acknowledge weakness & need for God

Penal Substitution

God fulfilled the requirement of law for us through Christ

Atonement Theory

Explains how the resurrection does any good for us

Why can't we satisfy the law

Because our flesh is so weak

What is the penalty of sin & pursuing righteousness by fulfilling the law alone

death

What are the 3 concepts behind the mind as flesh in Rom. 8:10?

- Basis of salvation is works

- Obligation of righteousness by rule keeping

- Power source is human flesh

What are the 3 concepts behind the mind as Spirit in Rom. 8:10?

- Basis of salvation is God's goodness

- Faith working through Love

- Grace of God: HS & Renew mind

"Abba"

Aramaic for Father --> Endearing term (God wants us)

Explain the notion of labor pains

Painful now but fruitful after

Firstfruits

Early indications of a large harvest

Foreknow

To know beforehand

Predestine

To decide upon beforehand

Justification

Does not ignore sin and pays due penalty

Mercy

Pays our due penalty and justifies us in His sight

What 3 Promises were made to Abraham

- Land

- Nations/ descendants

- Blessing s for all the nations through him

What are the contrasting promises b/w Abraham and the Covenant made w/ the Israelites?

Abraham = Unconditional

Israelites = Conditional

Whats the problem going into Rom Ch. 9-16?

Most Jews did not believe Jesus is Messiah and more Gentiles than Jews are becoming Christians

Why does Paul grieve in Rom. 9

Because most of of his fellow Jews are not in Christ

Why is the "Place of Israel in Salvation History" relevant to things happening in Rome?

- Prodigal Sons parable

- Israelites = older brother

- Gentiles = younger brother

"Telos"

End, conclusion, Goal

What did Isaiah say faith came from?

Faith comes from hearing the Gospel

Grafting

Transporting a part of one plant into another plant

Judaism

Root of Christianity

Who is the domesticated olive tree?

Israel

Who is the grafted in people?

Gentiles

Who is considered the broken branches

Unbelieving Jews

Physical Israel

Period of hard-heartedness

Pride

Thinking more highly of oneself

Paraensis

Rapid fire, pithy advice

Predetermination and Invitation

Predetermination - the plan of who (broadly)

Invitation - open to anyone, any can join the "who"

Concerns of Roman Jews and answers

Has God broken his promise to his people?

No, it's just been misunderstood

Romans 11:25 what has come upon Israel

A partial hardening; allows the Gentiles to hear

Why is paul in anguish in Romans 9

Most Jews are not Christians

Remnant

Small remaining piece of a larger thing

Pride (father of vices)

Thinking too highly or too lowly of yourself than you ought

Humanism

Idea that humans are the starting point for moral and philosophical inquiry

Exhortation

urging to a certain pattern of behavior

Submit to governments because

God instituted social structures

Romans 14/15 "strong" believers

Well informed, mature, not bound by Torah but respectful of it

Romans 14/15 "weak" believers

Novices, less mature, feel bound to Torah

Where has paul planted churches

From Jerusalem to Ellyricum (Albania)

Paul is arrested in _________ and eventually taken to ____

Jerusalem, Rome

Who (probably) carried the Roman letter

Phoebe

tertius

pauls scribe/secretary

1-4 Justification by Faith

Jews and Gentiles all sin and fall short, but in Christ they are equally made right with God

5-8 Christian Living

Though we struggle against sin in the flesh, by faith in Christ and reliance on the Holy Spirit we live with "no condemnation"

9-11 Place of Israel in Salvation History

God's master plan results in one family rooted in promises to Abraham, but with branches from all nations

12-16 Christian Relationships

Knowledge of this gospel transforms us into humble, confident, loving people