AP US GOV foundational stuff

guess who back, back again

First Amendment

Freedom of Religion (Establishment & Free Exercise Clauses), Speech, Press, Assembly and Petition

Second Amendment

The Right to Keep and Bear Arms

Third Amendment

No quartering of soldiers in homes during peace time

Fourth Amendment

No unreasonable searches and seizures without a warrant

Fifth Amendment

May have a grand jury, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination

Sixth Amendment

Speedy and public trial, Miranda Rights, Assistance of Counsel

Seventh Amendment

Right to a jury in civil trials

Eighth Amendment

No excessive bail, no cruel and unusual punishment

Ninth Amendment

The rights of the people are not just the rights described in the Constitution

Tenth Amendment

The government only has the rights expressly written in the US Constitution

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic)

Congress can make any law that it feels is necessary and proper

Supremacy Clause

The national government is supreme and above state governments

Commerce Clause (Interstate)

Congress can regulate commerce with foreign nations and between different states

Full Faith and Credit Clause

All states have to follow the records made in other states

Due Process Clause (5th Amendment)

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law

Due Process Clause (14th Amendment, Selective Incorporation)

Applies to states and no person shall be deprived of life liberty or property without due process of law

Equal Protection Clause (14th Amendment)

States must apply the law equally and can not discriminate against people or groups of people

Establishment Clause (1st Amendment)

Congress can not make a national religion

Free Exercise Clause (1st Amendment)

All people can practice their religion

US v. Lopez

The government does not have unlimited power under the Commerce Clause

Engel v. Vitale

1st Amendment, Establishment Clause - Public schools cannot require prayer in classrooms.

Tinker v. Des Moines

1st Amendment, Freedom of Expression - Students have the right to symbolic speech if it does not disrupt learning.

McCullough v. Maryland

The Necessary and Proper Clause allows Congress to pass "appropriate and legitimate" legislation

Wisconsin v. Yoder

1st Amendment, Free Exercise Clause - The government cannot restrict the free exercise of religion in public schools

Gideon v. Wainwright

6th Amendment - The Right to Counsel, paid for by the state

Schenck v. US

1st Amendment, Freedom of Speech - Limits on Free Speech if "Clear and Present Danger"

NY Times v. US

1st Amendment, Freedom of the Press - No prior restraint against the Press that restricts what they publish

McDonald v. Chicago

14th Amendment, Incorporation - States must incorporate the Second Amendment to all states

Roe v. Wade

14th Amendment, Implied Right to Privacy - An abortion is a woman's private decision

Baker v. Carr

One Man, One Vote - Courts have the right to review district lines and must be evenly drawn

Citizens United v. FEC

1st Amendment, Freedom of Speech - Corporations have the same free speech as any citizen

Shaw v. Reno

Drawing district lines based just on race is unconstitutional

Brown v. Board of Education

14th Amendment, Equal Protection Clause - "Separate but equal" is unconstitutional in public schools

Marbury v. Madison

SCOTUS has Judicial Review (the power to determine if cases are constitutional)