Industrialization, Political Ideologies, and Economic Philosophies in 19th Century Europe

Which political ideology advocated for free markets and individual rights?

Liberalism

What is industrialization?

The growth of factories and mechanized production

What did conservatives believe society should do?

Preserve tradition

What problems did industrial cities face?

Overcrowding and poor sanitation

Which political ideology advocated for social hierarchies?

Conservatism

Which economic philosophy believed the harsh working conditions of the Industrial Revolution would cause the proletariat to revolt?

Communism

Which economic philosophy believed government regulations would create a more equal society?

Socialism

Capitalism is based on which principle?

Private property rights

Which philosophy promotes government ownership of the means of production?

Socialism

What is the goal of communism?

A classless/stateless society

Is it true that nationalism requires people to share the same language?

False

What caused child labor during industrialization?

Family economic desperation

Nationalism could combine with which ideologies?

Both liberalism and conservatism

Which political ideology advocated for constitutional protections?

Liberalism

Which ideology centered around the belief of self-determination for different cultural groups?

Nationalism

Which economic philosophy believed competition would lead to better standards of living?

Capitalism

Which economic philosophy promoted private ownership of the means of production?

Capitalism

Did industrialization create new social classes?

True

Who were the bourgeoisie?

Middle-class business owners

Do capitalists believe competition benefits society?

True

What is the formation and growth of cities called?

Urbanization

Which economic philosophy promoted collective ownership of the means of production without government?

Communism

Why did dangerous working conditions exist during the Industrial Revolution?

Profit prioritized over safety

Which ideology emphasized gradual change?

Conservatism

How did nationalism primarily spread?

Through railways and newspapers

What were the main elements needed to produce goods and services?

Land, labor, and capital

What is socialism?

Developed as a response to industrialism, optimistic view of human nature, believed in progress and social justice

What is communism's belief about government?

Eventually there will be no need for a government

What is a political ideology?

A comprehensive set of beliefs on how the world should work

What are the beliefs of liberalism?

Individual rights, limited government, rule of law, constitutional protection

What are the beliefs of conservatism?

Tradition, institutional continuity, social hierarchy, gradual change

What is a nation?

A large group of people united by a commonality

What is a state?

Territory organized under a government

What is a nation-state?

A state where the majority of people identify as a single nation

What are the beliefs of nationalism?

Self-determination, popular sovereignty, cultural unity, territorial integrity

What is industrial capitalism?

Laissez-faire, government did not get involved

What is the law of self-interest?

People work for their own good

What is the law of competition?

Competition forces people to make better products

What is the law of supply and demand?

Prices are determined by the relationship between the availability of a good/service and the desire for it

What are the three types of nationalist movements?

Unification, separation, state-building