fitness and resp lab

inspiration

air into lungs, p lungs less p atm… high to low p

normal insp

757, diaphragm moves down and contracts, external intercostals contract so lungs fill

forced insp

740, sternoclinomastoid, scalenes, parasternal intercostals

expiration

air leaves lungs, p lungs more than p atm

norm exp

763, diaphragm and external intercostals relaxed, diaphragm up

forced exp

790, internal intercostals and abdominal muscles contract, lungs shrink

pressure at rest

atm: 760

intrapulmonary: 760

intraplural: 756

pressure at insp

atm: 760

intrapulmonary: 757

intraplural: 754

pressure at exp

atm: 760

intrapulmonary: 763

intraplural; 757

spirometer

tests amt and rate of air person breathes out to diagnose an illness

spirometer measures

lung elasticity (less = pulm fibrosis), airway resistance (less = asthma/inflammation, respiratory muscle strength (more in maratoners and swimmers)

tidal volume

vol air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath (500mL)

volumes and capacties

how much air our lungs can hold during breathing

inspiratory reserve volume

max amt air forcefully inhaled after normal inhalation…3000 men and 1900 in women

expiratory reserve volume

max amt of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhale…1100 male and 700 women

residual volume

vol air left after max exhale to prevent lung collapse (1200 men and 1100 women)

vital capacity

amt air that can be moved into and out of the lungs after max exhale (max inhale and max exhale)…4600 men and 3100 women

inspiratory capacity

max amt air inspired after quiet exhale…3500 men and 2400 women

functional residual capacity

total vol left in lungs after quiet exhale… 2300 men 1800 women

total lung capacity

total volume of lungs

flow volume loop graph

1 cycle of forced breathing

PEFR

peak expiratory flow rate= top of graph

PIFR

peak inspiratory flow rate = bottom of graph

vital capacity of loop graph

8 = all air lungs can hold

obstruction on loop graph

asthma, emphasema, COPD…. blocks airflow so concave shaped graph PEFR shrinks, PIFR similar but small decrease

restriction on loop graph

lung elastcity lost = pulmonary fibrosis… cannot expand as usual so PIFR PEFR VC all down RV same

blood pH

7.35→7.45

hypoventilation

slow breathing so less O2 so more co2 so more H+ so more acidic = resp acidosis

hyperventilation

fast breathing so more O2 so less co2 so less h+ so more alkaline so resp alkilosis