che 2c

Copper

Cuprate

Gold

Aurate

Iron

Ferrate

Lead

Plumbate

Tin

Stannate

Silver

Argentate

1

mono

2

di

3

tri

4

tetra

5

penta

6

hexa

modify ligand names (

ide)

modify ligand names (

ite)

modify ligand names (

ate)

Ligands named in what order?

Alphabetical

If complex has a negative charge add ____ to the name of the metal

ligand

neutral or anion molecules that bind to a transition metal ion (or atom). Usually Lewis Bases.

ligand names: H2O

aqua (neutral)

ligand names: NH3

ammine (neutral)

ligand names: CO

carbonyl (neutral)

ligand names:: CH3NH2

methylamine (neutral)

ligand names: NO

nitrosyl (neutral)

ligand names: C5H5N

pyridine (neutral

ligand names: NH2CH2CH2NH2

ethylenediamine (en) (polydentate)

ligand names: C2O4(2

)

ligand names: C10H16N2O8 (4

)

ligand names: (NH2CH2CH2)2NH

dien (polydentate)

ligand names: F

ligand names: Cl

ligand names: Br

ligand names: I

ligand names: O2

ligand names: OH

ligand names: CN

ligand names: SO4 (2

)

ligand names: S2O3 (2

)

ligand names: NO2

ligand names: ONO

ligand names: SCN

ligand names: NCS

stereoisomers

same atoms with same connectivity

Geometric Isomers

Different arrangements of atoms

cis

trans

fac

mer

Optical/chiral isomers

same arrangement and connectivity of atoms, not the same molecule (have a mirror image)

Chiral Isomers

no mirror planes

Optical Isomers

have similar physical properties but interact differently with polarized light.

enatiomer

The mirror image structure of a chiral molecule

Drawing Isomers: Bidentate

can only be within 90˚ of eachother

Structural Isomers

complexes with the same atoms but different connectivity

Linkage Isomers

same ligand, bonded through different atoms

Ionization isomers

A ligand and the counter ion switch places

Coordination isomers

Different metal in the center, same coordination environment

Highly colored ions have _____

partially filled d orbitals

Colorless ions have _____

Full or empty d orbitals

d

to

dxz orbital

dyz orbital

dxy orbital

dx2y2 orbital

dz2 orbital

Which orbitals have indirect overlap and therefore are lower in energy?

dxy, dxz, dyz

More overlap=more repulsion=higher energy

dz2, dx2y2

Large △o and Strong Field Ligand = high or low spin?

low spin

Small △o and Weak Field Ligand = high or low spin?

high spin

tetrahedral is always high or low spin?

high spin

Which has higher energy, violet (400

450nm) or red (640

Color is absored ____ to the color observed

opposite

octahedral energy diagram

tetrahedral energy diagram

Scandium (Sc)

Titanium (Ti)

Vanadium Family: Vanadium (Va)

Most Common O.S. = 0, +5

Vanadium Family: Niobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta)

Chromium Family: Chromium (Cr)

Common O.S. = 0,+3,+4,+6

Chromium Family: Molybdenum (Mo) and Tungsten (W)

Manganese Family: Manganese (Mn)

has the most oxidation states of first

Manganese Family: Technetium (Tc)

Lightest radioactive element (a beta emitter)
Only man made
Discovered in 1937

Iron (Fe)

Common O.S. = +2 , +3 (goes up to +6)

Cobalt Family: Cobalt (Co)

Cobalt Family: Rhodium (Rh)

Cobalt Family: Iridium (Ir)

Nickel Family (Ni, Pd, Pt)

stable, less reactive metals

Nickel Family: Nickel (Ni)

coins, batteries, corrosion preventer

Nickel Family: Platinum (Pt)

Rare, very unreactive, corrosion resistant

Copper Family: Copper (Cu)

Excellent conductor of electricity, durable

Copper Family: Silver (Ag)

Copper Family: Gold (Au)

Zinc Family: Zinc (Zn)

corrosion resistant, toxic

Zinc Family: Cadmium (Cd)

Zinc Family: Mercury (Hg)

Allotropes

one single element that takes on different structures

Group 1

Alkali Metals

Group 2

alkaline earth metals

Group 17

Halogens

Group 18

Noble Gases

General Trends: Atomic Radius

Increases down a column, decreases left to right across a row