WWI and the Russian Revolution - Euro Unit 9

Affects of Cult of Domesticity

A trend that emerged in the 19th century encouraging the traditional family model with the wife staying home and taking care of the kids, and the husband going off to work. This forced women to marry because marriage became an economic necessity, and also caused an uptick in female lead resistance movements.

Emily Wilding Davis

Feminist who got trampled to death by the King’s race horse in England to bring attention to the cause

The New Women

She demanded education and a job, but this model was opposed by both men and women

La Bella Époque

1871 - 1914 Begins with the end of the Franco-Prussion War. A time of peace begins that brings urban reform (sanitation), growth of labor unions, rise of state education, and mass consumerism

Napoleonic era Warfare

In Napoleonic times, soldiers would just line up and shoot each other. They formed ranks and alternated firing so they could keep up the barrage. Muskets took a long time to load. They wore brightly colored uniforms because of all the smoke; you want to know who is who.

Boer and Crimean warfare

Rise of fire and maneuver. It’s exactly what it sounds like. Guns produce less smoke, so uniforms become darker to blend in

Two big lessons France learned from the Franco-Prussian War

1870-1871 1. France needs a better way to move troops (like trains the Prussians used) 2. When they have an advantage, press it (Cult of the offensive)

Elán

French term for an unwavering offensive spirit, something like honor

What effects did La Belle Époque have on WWI?

The big one was the soldiers. The people who went to war probably hadn’t fought in one before. Even the generals were learning this for the first time. This meant that warfare changed much quicker and technology could advance faster.

Evolution of artillery

In WWI they become rifled, meaning the bores are now ridged instead of smooth. They could shoot farther, faster, and more accurately. More stalemates happen because soldiers can’t really leave their trenches.

What do the technological advancments such as rifled artillery, tanks, and gas have on war?

It leads to industrial war

Why were German trenches deeper and better?

They knew that WWI was going to be defensive and that they weren’t going to be moving trenches very often

Why was Serbia angry at Austro-Hungary after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed?

They sent in their own police to investigate, sending people across the border. They felt like it violated their sovereignty.

Recruitment was down in 1915. What did England do?

They created Pals Battalions. The took volunteers from the same geographical area, hoping to build in camaraderie into their ranks. This created peer pressure for people to join and it raised the numbers, but as people started dying, it showed how terrible the war really was. One town could have hundreds of deaths.

What happened to the men who stayed behind on the homefront?

Often, gangs of women would beat them up. Men who still helped the effort as engineers in factories or something like that got pins to wear to show that they were still helping.