brand/generic names, drug class, approved drug uses, MOA, normal adult dosing, contraindications and black box warnings
Quetiapine brand
Seroquel
Quetiapine class
Atypical dibenzothiazepine antipsychotic
Quetiapine use
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
Quetiapine MOA
Antagonizes multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain (serotonin 5-HT2, dopamine D 1 and 2, H1, alpha 1 and 2)
Quetiapine dose
IR: 150-750 mg PO divided BID or TID, ER: 400-800 mg PO qPM
Quetiapine contraindications
Electrolyte abnormality, hypokalemia, long QT syndrome, arrhythmias
Quetiapine BBW
May cause suicidal thoughts in children and young adults, not for dementia related psychosis
Aripiprazole brand
Abilify
Aripiprazole class
2nd generation antipsychotic
Aripiprazole use
Schizophrenia, bipolar I, major depressive disorder
Aripiprazole MOA
Partially agonizes dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, antagonizes serotonin 5-HT2A receptors
Aripiprazole dose
10-15 mg PO qD
Aripiprazole contraindications
None
Aripiprazole bbw
Not for dementia related psychosis
Risperidone brand
Risperdal
Risperidone class
2nd generation antipsychotic
Risperidone use
Schizophrenia, bipolar I
Risperidone MOA
Antagonize dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2, and other receptors
Risperidone dose
Oral: 1-4 mg PO divided qD or BID, injection: 25 mg IM q2weeks
Risperidone contraindications
Hypersensitivity to paliperidone
Risperidone BBW
Not approved for dementia related psychosis
Olanzapine brand
Zyprexa
Olanzapine class
2nd generation antipsychotic, thienobenzodiazepine
Olanzapine use
Schizophrenia, bipolar I, agitation
Olanzapine MOA
Antagonizes dopamine, serotonin 5-HT2, and other receptors
Olanzapine dose
10-20 mg PO qD
Olanzapine contraindications
Alcohol use, CNS depressant use
Olanzapine bbw
Not approved for dementia related psychosis
Lithium brand
Lithobid
Lithium class
Bipolar disorder agents
Lithium use
Bipolar disorder, mania and maintenance
Lithium MOA
Alters neuronal sodium transport
Lithium dose
IR: 600-1800 mg divided BID or TID, ER: 900-1200 mg divided BID or TID
Lithium contraindications
Brugada syndrome, cardiovascular arrhythmias
Lithium bbw
NTI drug, start treatment only if facility is available for prompt and accurate lithium levels
Lamotrigine brand
Lamictal
Lamotrigine class
Anti mania anticonvulsant
Lamotrigine use
Bipolar disorder, partial seizures
Lamotrigine MOA
Inhibits voltage dependent sodium channels, decreasing presynaptic glutamate and aspartate release
Lamotrigine dose
Varies significantly by disease state
Lamotrigine contraindications
Avoid abrupt withdrawal
Lamotrigine BBW
Serious rashes requiring hospitalization may occur
Varenicline brand
Chantix
Varenicline class
Smoking cessation aid
Varenicline use
Smoking cessation
Varenicline MOA
Partial a4B2 nicotinic receptor agonist, also binds 5-HT3 receptors, small stimulation of dopamine activity
Varenicline dose
Days 1-3: 0.5 mg PO qD, Days 4-7: 0.5 mg PO BID, weeks 2-12: 1 mg PO BID
Varenicline contraindications
Caution with history of seizures, caution with alcohol use
Varenicline BBW
None
Clozapine brand
Clozaril, FazaClo, Versacloz
Clozapine class
Atypical second generation antipsychotic
Clozapine use
Schizophrenia, bipolar I
Clozapine MOA
Dibenzodiazepine, primarily through antagonism of D2 receptor and serotonin type 2A (5-HT2A) receptors
Clozapine dose
12.5 mg PO qD or BID, increased to 300-450 mg per day
Clozapine contraindications
None
Clozapine BBW
Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, syncope, and cardiac arrest have been reported; fatalities due to myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; hepatotoxicity; severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <500); seizures have been associated in a dose-dependent manner; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotics are at an increased risk of death
Haloperidol brand
Haldol
Haloperidol class
First generation antipsychotic
Haloperidol use
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, agitation
Haloperidol MOA
Butyrophenone antipsychotic that non selectively blocks post synaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the brain
Haloperidol dose
Psychosis: 0.5-5 mg PO in divided doses, schizophrenia: 2-5 mg IM in divided doses (20 mg/day)
Haloperidol contraindications
None
Haloperidol BBW
Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis