Recontruction Quiz - Halabi

What was the time period of Reconstruction?

1865-1877

What was the main goal of Reconstruction?

To rebuild the South and reintegrate Southern states.

What rights were aimed to be secured during Reconstruction?

Rights for freedmen.

What type of resistance did Reconstruction face?

Major resistance from white Southerners.

What type of conflict was present during Reconstruction?

Political conflict.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

Abolished slavery in the U.S.

When was the 13th Amendment ratified?

1865

What is the significance of the 13th Amendment in relation to Reconstruction Amendments?

It is the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments.

What did the 13th Amendment legally do for enslaved people?

Legally freed all enslaved people.

What was Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan?

A lenient plan to readmit Southern states.

What percentage of voters needed to pledge loyalty to the Union under the 10 Percent Plan?

10%

What did Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan offer to those who pledged loyalty?

Pardons and restoration of property (except slaves).

What did the Radical Republicans want regarding Reconstruction?

Harsher Reconstruction and full rights for freedmen.

Who did the Radical Republicans oppose in their policies?

Lincoln's and Johnson's lenient policies.

What did the Radical Republicans lead efforts to pass?

Reconstruction Amendments.

Who and when assassinated Lincoln?

Shot by John Wilkes Booth in April 1865.

What did Lincoln's assassination create?

Created a power vacuum during early Reconstruction. (lacked leadership in country)

Who took over presidency after Lincoln's death?

Led to Andrew Johnson becoming president.

Who was Thaddeus Stevens?

A leading Radical Republican in Congress.

What did Thaddeus Stevens push for?

Full civil rights and land reform.

What was Thaddeus Stevens' role in Radical Reconstruction?

He was a key architect of Radical Reconstruction.

What act did Johnson violate leading to his impeachment?

Tenure of Office Act

Who impeached Johnson?

The House of Representatives

What was the outcome of Johnson's impeachment in the Senate?

Acquitted by 1 vote

What did Johnson's impeachment highlight?

The clash between Johnson and Congress

What does the 14th Amendment grant to all born in the U.S.?

Citizenship to all US born people

What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?

Equal protection under the law

What laws did the 14th Amendment target?

Black Codes and discrimination

What did the 15th Amendment grant to African American men?

The right to vote.

What does the 15th Amendment prohibit?

Denying voting based on race or color.

How did many Southern states circumvent the 15th Amendment?

By using poll taxes and other discriminatory practices.

What was the Freedmen's Bureau?

A federal agency to aid freed slaves and poor whites.

What services did the Freedmen's Bureau provide?

Food, schools, and legal help.

What challenges did the Freedmen's Bureau face?

Funding issues and white resistance.

What is sharecropping?

A system where freedmen farmed land for a share of the crop.

What was a consequence of sharecropping?

It kept many in poverty and debt.

What did sharecropping replace in practice?

It replaced slavery in practice in many areas.

What was the proposal of '40 Acres and a Mule'?

Proposed land redistribution to freed slaves.

Who promised '40 Acres and a Mule' in 1865?

General Sherman

Was '40 Acres and a Mule' fully implemented?

No, it was never fully implemented.

What happened to the land intended for '40 Acres and a Mule'?

The land was returned to white owners.

What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do to the South?

Divided South into 5 military districts.

What was required by the Reconstruction Act of 1867 regarding state constitutions?

Required new constitutions.

What significant right was granted to Black citizens by the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

Black suffrage.

Who enforced Reconstruction according to the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

Congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction.

What were the Black Codes?

Southern laws restricting Black freedom post-Civil War.

What did the Black Codes limit?

Voting, work, and movement of Black individuals.

What was a significant outcome of the Black Codes?

They prompted a push for civil rights amendments.

What does KKK stand for?

Ku Klux Klan

When was the KKK formed?

1865

What was the primary goal of the KKK?

To suppress Black political activity

Who did the KKK target?

Freedmen, Republicans, and allies

What methods did the KKK use to achieve their goals?

Terror

Who were Carpetbaggers?

Northerners who moved South for power or profit.

Who were Scalawags?

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.

What did Carpetbaggers and Scalawags face from white Southerners?

Hostility.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1871 allow?

Federal action against KKK violence.

What power did the Civil Rights Act of 1871 give to the president?

The power to use troops and suspend habeas corpus.

What was a temporary effect of the Civil Rights Act of 1871?

Suppressed Klan activity.

What did the Compromise of 1877 settle?

The disputed 1876 election.

Who became president as a result of the Compromise of 1877?

Rutherford B. Hayes.

What significant event did the Compromise of 1877 mark the end of?

Reconstruction.

What happened to federal troops in the South as a result of the Compromise of 1877?

They left the South.

What was the political outcome for Southern Democrats after the Compromise of 1877?

They regained control.

What did Jim Crow Laws legalize?

Racial segregation in the South.

What types of facilities were enforced to be separate under Jim Crow Laws?

Schools and public spaces.

When did the Jim Crow Laws last until?

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.