Bio111 Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Cell process where glucose and oxygen are converted to ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Aerobic respiration

Cellular respiration that requires oxygen and uses glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport system.

Alcoholic Fermentation

Anaerobic respiration that converts pyruvate to ethanol to recycle NADH back to NAD+; is not reversible

Lactic Acid Respiration

Anaerobic respiration that converts pyruvate to lactic acid in order to recycle NAD+; is reversible when oxygen becomes available

Glycolysis

First stage of aerobic AND anaerobic cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm. Breaks glucose down into two pyruvic acid molecules making 2 ATP and 2 NADH

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate. Source of short-term cellular energy.

Pyruvate

3 carbon sugar produced when glucose is split during glycolysis

Mitochondria

Organelle found in all eukaryotic organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration

ATP synthase

Enzyme in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Krebs Cycle

Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down releasing CO2 and producing 2 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP per pyruvate. Each glucose produces 2 pyruvate, so this process occurs twice per glucose.

Electron Transport Chain

Step of aerobic respiration that takes the high energy electrons from the NADH and FADH2 made in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

Place where cells perform glycolysis

Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

NADH and FADH2

Electron carrying molecules produced in Glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle.

CO2

This gas is produced during the Kreb's cycle as the pyruvate is broken down.

Matrix

The fluid of the mitochondria where the Kreb's cycle happens.

Acetyl CoA

pyruvate is oxidized to this molecule prior to entering the Krebs cycle

oxygen

the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain; it combines with hydrogen and free electrons to form water

Oxidative phosphorylation

Process that forms ATP from ADP and free inorganic phosphate using the ATP synthase enzyme

Chemiosmosis

The use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Intermembrane space

the fluid filled space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes