Histo cyto speci collection lecture 3 and 4

Pre-analytical function

sample receiving and accessioning

Pre-analytical function

barcode labelling

Pre-analytical function

specimen routine handling

Pre-analytical function

Patient ID and verification

Pre-analytical function

test ordering and requisition creation

Pre-analytical function

QC checks

Pre-analytical function

Specimen tracking and chain of custody

Pre-analytical function

worklists and collection lists

Analytical function

Test order processing

Analytical function

specimen tracking

Analytical function

instrument integration

Analytical function

result validation

Analytical function

result reporting

Analytical function

data analysis interpretation

Analytical function

audit trail

Post-analytical function

Results verification

Post-analytical function

result reporting and delivery

Post-analytical function

alerts and notifications

Post-analytical function

results review and confirmation

Post-analytical function

result integration with EMR

Post-analytical function

storage of specimens

Computer networks

group of computing devices linked together with a purpose of transmitting and sharing resources or info

Computer software

designed to operate computer hardware in the processing of data

LIMS

manage and automate operations and data management processes within a lab

Sample management

tracks the progress of each sample from collection to analysis and disposal via unique identifiers

Test ordering and scheduling

facilitates ordering and scheduling of lab tests by providers, allows clinicians to electronically submit test reqs and prioritize testing

Result entry and reporting

captures test results from analyzers

Workflow Management

LIS streamlines workflow by automating routine tasks

Quality Control

monitors instrument performances, analyzes QC data

Collection lists

Report generated by LIS that states details regarding specimen that needs collecting. based on orders received from healthcare providers

HIS

integrates various functions and departments within a hospital. typically interfaced with all other depts in the hospital

Keyboard

input device

barcode reader

input device

mouse

input device

monitor/display

output device

printer

output device

LIS middleware

transmit results from analyzer to LIS Int

Interstitial fluid

surrounds the bodys cells

Transcellular fluid

fluid contained within epithelial lined spaces

Delay in CSF testing

falsely low cell counts, falsely high lactate, decreased chance of microorganism recovery

Normal CSF

small number of lymphos and monos.

no RBC present

White cell count done with

hemocytometer

CSF can be diluted with X for WBC count

acetic acid

What helps preserve cellular morphology in cytospin

albumin

Serous membrane

cavities lined by a membrane that forms a double layer of mesothelial cells

Does normal serous fluid have blood or fibrinogen

no

effusion

increased amount of serous fluid

aspiration of serous fluid

paracentesis

Serous fluid collection tube- cell count

EDTA

Serous fluid collection tube- chem

sodium fluoride or heparin

transudate

normal serous fluid, decreased in oncotic pressure, increase in hydrostatic capillary press, decreased plasma protein

exudate

inflammatory, vasodilation causes protein and fluid loss

Cardiac tamponade

abnormal accumulation of pericardial fluid in the space around the heart

mesothelial cells

cells that line the serous membrane

T/E: protein concentration <30g/L , <50% of plasma protein conc

transudate

T/E: protein concentration >30g/L, >50% of plasma protein conc

exudate

microbiology in serous fluid: cyto or centri

centrifuged

Synovial fluid is viscous because

hyaluronate

synovial fluid secreted by

synoviocytes

are crystals normal in synovial fluid

nope

cell count tube for synovial fluid

EDTA purple

Cell count synovial diluent

hyaluronidase followed by acetic acid

WBC diff synovial fluid tube

EDTA purple top

crystal analysis tube synovial

sodium heparin

monosodium urate crystals associated with

gout

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals associated with

pseudogout

2 ways to view crystals

wet prep or cytocentrifugation

chemistry tests- synovial fluid

red top

synovial decreased glucose suggests

infection of joint

synovial increased protein suggests

inflammatory joint disease

non inflammatory synovial fluid associated with

osteoarthritis

inflammatory synovial fluid associated with

rheumatoid arthritis,

Crystal induced synovial fluid associated with

gout or pseudogout

green amniotic fluid

meconium release

fetal lung maturity

tests concentrations of specific phospholipids that are alveolar surfactants

alveolar surfactant purpose

lungs expanding and contracting normally

Increased fetal hemolysis

increase in unconjugated bilirubin in amniotic fluid

hemolytic disease of the newborn

antibodies cross over placenta and attach to fetal cells causing their destruction

amount of bilirubin in amniotic fluid related to

severity of hemolysis

alpha fetoprotein

protein made by fetus, diffuses across placenta, and into maternal serum

alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid

possible neural tube defect, detects spina bifida

middleware

The bridge between an automated analyzer and LIS