Sensory and Perception

pain sensivity

Increased ________ after injury- occurs at injury site as well as CNS gate.

Perception

the more complex organizing of sensory information within the brain and the meaningful interpretations extracted from it.

receptor cells

Most mammals have a vomeronsal organ which contains ________ specialized for responding to pheromones.

Pitch perception

the aspect of hearing that allows us to tell how high or low a given tone is.

neural impulses

Can trigger ________ in taste sensory neurons, which send input to the primary taste ares in the frontal lob and other parts of the brain.

Salt

balances bodily fluids, sugar provides energy, protein builds tissues.

Mekxack and Walls Gate- Control Theory of Pain

Pain depends on the degree to which pain input can pass through a gate to the CNS that enters the brain stem.

Pinna

a flap of skin and cartilage forming the visible portion of the ear.

Odorants

a substance giving off a smell, can enter through the nostrils or the mouth.

Psychophysics

the study of relationships between physical characteristics stimuli and sensory experience produces by those stimuli.

Rods

insensitive to color, mostly responsible for peripheral vision and mission at night.

Somatosense

we experience pain coming from our bodies, not the world.

Nasopharynx

opening in the back of the mouth which connects the nasal cavity.

Nociceptors

free nerve endings of pain sensory neurons located in many parts of the body.

Flavor

consists of true taste as well as smell.

Pheromone

a chemical substance that is released by an animal, and acts on their members of its species promote some specific behavioral or psychological response.

Cones

color sensitive, respoible for clear vision.

Mother infant bonding

both mothers and newborns can identify each other based on smell alone.

unpleasant tastes

Generally, pleasentant and ________ correlate to nutritional and non- nutritional foods for our ancestors living in more natural, non- sedentary, environments.

Sensory receptors

specialized structures that respond to physical stimuli by producing electrical changes that can initiate neural impulses in sensory neurons.

Sensory adaptation

the change in sensitivity that occurs when a given set of sensory receptors and neurons is either strongly stiulayted or relatively unstiulated for a length of time.

Absolute threshold

the faintest debatable stimulus of any types of stimulus.

Olfactory epithelium

contains roughly 6 mil olfactory sensory neurons.

Physical stimulus

the matter of energy of the physical world that impinges on sense organs.

Sensation

the basic processes by which sensory organs and nervous system respond to stimuli in the environment and the elementary psychological experiences that result from these processes

Perception

the more complex organizing of sensory information within the brain and the meaningful interpretations extracted from it

Physical stimulus

the matter of energy of the physical world that impinges on sense organs

Sensory receptors

specialized structures that respond to physical stimuli by producing electrical changes that can initiate neural impulses in sensory neurons

Sensory neurons

spec lined neurons that carry information from sensory receptors into the central nervous system

Sensory Transduction

when a receptor cell produces an electrical charge in response to physical stimulation

Sensory adaptation

the change in sensitivity that occurs when a given set of sensory receptors and neurons is either strongly stiulayted or relatively unstiulated for a length of time

Olfactory epithelium

contains roughly 6 mil olfactory sensory neurons

Mother-infant bonding

both mothers and newborns can identify each other based on smell alone

Choosing a genetically compatible mate

many species prefer a mate that smells most opposite of them

Pheromone

a chemical substance that is released by an animal, and acts on their members of its species promote some specific behavioral or psychological response

Odorants

a substance giving off a smell, can enter through the nostrils or the mouth

Nasopharynx

opening in the back of the mouth which connects the nasal cavity

Flavor

consists of true taste as well as smell

Somatosense

we experience pain coming from our bodies, not the world

Nociceptors

free nerve endings of pain sensory neurons located in many parts of the body

Free nerve endings

sensitive nerve terminals throughout the body

C fibers and A-delta fibers

two types of pain sensory neurons mediate two different waves of pain

Mekxack and Walls Gate-Control Theory of Pain

Pain depends on the degree to which pain input can pass through a gate to the CNS that enters the brain stem

Outer Ear

receives and funnels sound waves towards the structure where transduction occurs

Pinna

a flap of skin and cartilage forming the visible portion of the ear

Pitch perception

the aspect of hearing that allows us to tell how high or low a given tone is

Conduction deafness

ossicles become rigid and cannot carry sounds inward from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

Receptors

130 million photoreceptors embedded in your retina

Rods

insensitive to color, mostly responsible for peripheral vision and mission at night

Cones

color sensitive, respoible for clear vision

Psychophysics

the study of relationships between physical characteristics stimuli and sensory experience produces by those stimuli

Absolute threshold

the faintest debatable stimulus of any types of stimulus

Difference threshold

the minimal difference in magnitude between two stimuli that is required for the person to detect them as different