FUCK QUIZLET -- 100 words

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Northwest Passage

Route to Asia through cold waters of Canada

Bacon's Rebellion

Drove out the government and burned down the town

House of Burgesses

representative assembly of colonial Virginia formed in 1619

Mayflower Compact

Framework for self-government of the Plymouth Colony signed on the ship the Mayflower in 1620

Ulysses S. Grant

Pursued the Mississippi Valley wing of the Anaconda Plan

Emancipation Proclamation

Decree by President Lincoln that freed enslaved people living in Confederate states still in rebellion

Habeas Corpus

Constitutional guarantee that no one can be held in prison without charges being filed

Mercantilism

Economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports

Navagation Acts

British trade laws enacted by Parliament during the mid-1700s that regulated colonial commerce

French and Indian War

War fought from 1754 to 1763 in which Britain and its colonies defeated France and its Indian allies, gaining control of eastern North America

Gettysburg

Turning point of the Civil War

Proclamation of 1763

Declaration by the British king ordering all colonists to remain east of the Appalachian Mountains

Boston Massacre

Incident on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston

Stamp Act

1765 law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay taxes on printed materials

John Adams

A prominent Massachusetts lawyer

First Continental Congress

group of delegates that met in 1774 and represented all the American colonies, except Georgia

Intolerable Acts

American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies

Loyalists

Colonists who supported the British government during the American Revolution

Second Continental Congress

assembly of delegates representing every colony that met in 1775 in Philadelphia

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense

Thomas Jefferson

Drafted the Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress that announced American independence and the reasons for it

Contiental Army

army that represented the colonies during the Revolutionary War

Battle of Trenton

1776 Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey, won by the Continental Army

Battle of Princeton

1777 Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey, won by the Continental Army

Valley Forge

Location in Pennsylvania where Washington's army spent a difficult winter in 1777-1778

Benjamin Franklin

Leading American negotiator in Paris

Treaty of Paris

1783 peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and affirmed American independence

Yorktown

site in Virginia where Cornwallis's army surrendered to Washington

Articles of Confederation

original federal constitution drafted by the Continental Congress in 1777

Northwest Territory

vast territory north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania as far as the Mississippi River

Gettysburg Address

speech by President Lincoln in which he dedicated a national cemetery at Gettysburg and reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union was fighting

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

law which provided a basis for governing the Northwest Territory

Shay's Rebellion

farmers' rebellion in Massachusetts

Unicameral Legislature

Lawmaking body made up of a single house

Bicameral Legislature

lawmaking body made up of two houses

Robert E. Lee

had an outstanding record in the U.S. Army

Alexander Hamilton

Very conservative, disliked democracy and praised British constitution

James Madison

proposed the Virginia Plan

Three Fifths Compromise

compromise in which each enslaved person would be counted as three fifths of a person for the purposes of legislative representation

Great Compromise

concession between Virginia and New Jersey plan for bicameral legislator

Virginia Plan

James Madison's proposal for a bicameral legislature with representation based upon population

New Jersey Plan

William Paterson's proposal for a unicameral legislature with each state having one vote

Ratification

official approval

Antifederalists

one who opposed ratification of the Constitution

Federalists

one who favored ratification of the Constitution

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

Popular Sovereignty

political policy that permitted the residents of federal territories to decide on weather to enter the union as free or slave states

Checks and Balances

system in which each branch of the government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two

Electoral College

group of persons chosen from each state to indirectly elect the President and Vice President

Cabinet

group of senior officials appointed by the President that heads the executive departments and advises the President

Precedent

act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to be followed

loose construction

belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the Constitution

strict construction

belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the Constitution

Democratic Republican

led by Jefferson, one of the first political parties in the US

Aaron Burr

became vice president for Jefferson

Alein and Sedition Acts

laws that allowed government to imprison aliens

XYZ Affair

diplomatic controversy in 1798 in which French officials demanded bribes of American negotiators

John Jay

sent by Washington to negotiate a compromise with Britain

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Judicial Review

power of the supreme court to decide if a law is constitutional

Marbury v. Madison

case that established judicial review

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

Stephen A. Douglas

was against Abraham Lincoln

Lewis and Clark Expedition

1804 expedition sent by President Jefferson to explore the newly-acquired Louisiana Purchase

War of 1812

war between the United States and Great Britain

Andrew Jackson

war general that won war of 1812

Treaty of Ghent

agreement that ended the war of 1812

Erie Canal

connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River

Industrial Revolution

shift from manual labor to mechanized work that began in Great Britain during the 1700s

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Tariff of 1816

established by congress to encourage Americans to buy good made in the U.S.

Thirteenth Amendment

1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery

Henry Clay

leading advocate for new economic nationalism

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to one's nationality

Missouri Compromise

agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and main as a free state

Monroe Doctrine

foreign policy that discouraged European intervention in the western hemisphere

Jaksonian Democracy

political philosophy concerned with the interests of the common people and limiting the role of the federal government

John Wilkes Booth

approached the presidents private box and killed him

Spoils System

practice of the political party in power giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications

Antietam

Bloodiest day of the Civil War

Whig

member of the nationalist political party formed in 1832 in opposition to the democrats

Nullification

concept in which states void any federal law they deemed unconstitutional

Manifest Destiny

19th century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right

Oregon Trail

Trail from independence Missouri to Oregon used by pioneers during the mid-1800s

James K. Polk

believed in Manifest Destiny

Wilmot Proviso

proposed the bill that would have banned slavery in the territory won from Mexico in the Mexican War

Stephen F. Austin

led emigrants to settle east

Roger B. Taney

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Dred Scott decision was made

Compromise of 1850

political agreement that allowed California to be admitted as a free state by allowing popular sovereignty in the territories and enacting a stricter fugitive slave law

Fugitive Slave Act

law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves

Underground Railroad

system that existed before the Civil War, in which black and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas, especially Canada

Harriet Tubman

fugitive slave that risked her life saving enslaved African Americans

Kansas Nebraska Act

1854 law that divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery

Know Nothings

political party of the mid-1800s, officially known as the American Party, that opposed immigration

Abraham Lincoln

began his political career at age 25

Republican Party

political party established around an antislavery platform in 1854

Jefferson Davis

convinced Congress to adopt resolutions restricting federal control over slavery in the territories

Fort Sumter

federal fort located in charleston south Carolina where the first shots of the civil war were fired