biomolecules

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109 Terms

1

biomolecules

biological molecules produced by the cells
of the living organism.

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2

true

true or false?

biomolecules are critical for life as it
helps organisms to carry out basic biological
processes such as reproduction, growth and
sustenance

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3

molecular biology

The study of structure and
functioning of biological molecules

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4

macro molecule

“giant molecule”

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5

carbohydrates

what is the most abundant molecule of life

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6

carbohydrates

also known as an energy source

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7

carbohydrates

plants produce them in large amounts by photosynthesis

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8

carbohydrate

consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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9

monosaccharides, disaccharides

what are the types of simple carbohydrates

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10

monosaccharides

building blocks of more complex carbohydrate molecule

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11

blood sugar

glucose is also known as?

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12

fruit sugar

fructose is also known as?

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13

brain sugar

galactose is also known as?

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14

disaccharides

two monosaccharides combined

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15

glucose and fructose

sucrose is made up of?

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16

glucose and galactose

lactose is made up of?

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17

glucose and glucose

maltose is made up of?

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18

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

examples of complex carbohydrates?

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19

oligosaccharides

Complex carbohydrates consists of three to
ten monosaccharides combined

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20

glucose, fructose, and galactose

what are the components of the oligosaccharide named raffinose?

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21

polysaccharides

many monosaccharides combined?

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22

starch

plant carbohydrate

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23

glycogen

animal starch

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24

chitin

exo-skeleton of insects and crustaceans

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25

cellulose

component of plant cell wall

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26

proteins

building blocks of life

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27

false

proteins are made up of cho. is this true or false?

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28

amino acids

what are the building blocks of proteins

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29

peptide bonds

what connects amino acids?

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30

20

how many are the standard amino acid

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31

11

how many is the non-essential amino acid

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32

9

how many is the essential amino acid

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33

food

where do the 9 essential amino acid come

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34

naturally produced by our body

where do the 11 non-essential amino acid come

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35

enzymes

Comprise most of the proteins in living cells

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36

enzymes

Biological catalysts that increase the rate of
metabolic reactions

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37

false

true or false? Functions of enzymes are greatly influenced by the
amount of the protein molecule

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38

denaturation

change in chain structure by breaking of
peptide bonds

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39

temperature, ph concentration of enzyme and substrate, collision of the molecules of enzyme and substrate

what are the factors affecting activity of enzymes?

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40

catalyst

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction
without being changed or used up during it

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41

false

catalysts are not reusable. true or false?

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42

true

A different enzyme is needed for almost every chemical
reaction in your body. true or false?

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43

single


how many enzymes can catalyze thousands or more

reactions a second?

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44

ase

enzymes ends with?

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45

lipase

breaks down lipids

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46

catalase

breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

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47

protease

breaks down proteins

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48

sucrase

breaks down sucrose

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49

amylase

breaks down starch (amylose) in human saliva

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50

DNA polymerase

builds DNA

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51

metabolic pathways

sequence of occurring chemical reactions in a cell

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52

metabolic pathways

enzymes here work together

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53

CoFactors

chemical substances that assist many enzymes
for chemical reaction to take place.

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54

metallic ions

CoFactors are what ions?

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55

coenzymes

organic enzymes that act as a cofactor

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56

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAD?

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57

flavin adenine dinucleotide

FAD?

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58

catabolic pathways

digest large molecules, release energy

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59

anabolic pathways

synthesize large molecules, requires energy

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60

enzyme substrate complex

Combination when the active site interacts with the
substrate

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61

false

Each enzyme has an active site which is the part of the
molecule that an enzyme binds to. true or false?

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62

reactant

A substrate is a ? that binds to the active site of an
enzyme

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63

false

The active site of an enzyme is general to its substrate. true or false?

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64

true


The active site is typically a pocket or groove on the

surface of the protein. true or false?

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65

Emil Fischer

who proposed the lock and key model of enzyme action

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66

1899

when did the lock and key model was proposed

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67

lock and key model

the active site of
an enzyme bears a
specific conformation that
complements the
substrate precisely so that
the substrate fits a
particular site in a manner
that’s similar to a lock and
key.


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68

Daniel Koshland

who proposed the induced fit model

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69

1958

what year did the induced fit model was proposed?

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70

induced fit model

when an active site is exposed to a
substrate, the active site
undergoes a structural
change to improve
binding

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71

triglycerides

body’s main energy reservoir

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72

lipids

largely hydrocarbons

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73

false

true or false? lipids are soluble in water

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74

triglycerides

It stores unused calories and provide your body with energy

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75

3

triglycerides are made up of one glycerol and how many fatty acids

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76

fat

saturated fatty acid. solid at room temp. obtained through animals

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77

oil

unsaturated fatty acid. liquid at room temp. obtained through plants

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78

sphingolipids

complex lipids made up of sphingosine linked
through a complex polar head to one long fatty
acid chain

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79

brain extracts

where were sphingolipids was discovered

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80

1870’s

when was sphingolipids discovered?

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81

nerve cell membrane

where are sphingolipids primary located

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82

glycosphingolipids

cerebrosides are

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83

phospholipids

it form micelles when disperse in water to form a bilayer

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84

bilayer

basis of the phospholipid bilayer in all biological membrane

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85

act as a barrier

main fucntion of the phospholipid is?

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86

true

the cell, the phospholipids form a bilayer which
allows some molecules to pass through and
prevents others from passing through. true or false?


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87

steroids

have a similar solubility as lipids but not fatty

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88

steroid nucleus

basic structure of steroid

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89

testosterone

primary androgen hormones

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90

estrogen

promote the development and maintenance of
female characteristics of the body

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91

cortisone

released in response to stress; decreases your
body's natural defensive response and reduces symptoms such
as swelling and allergic-type reactions; Acts as a precursor to
cortisol and has anti-inflammatory properties

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92

vitamin d

calcium absorption

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93

nucleic acids

informational molecules that
carry the code of life

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94

nucleic acids

blueprints for proteins, thus
ultimately controlling the life of
a cell

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95

nucleotides

building blocks of nucleic acids

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96

nucleotides

chemical messengers, energy carriers and subunits
for nucleic acids and coenzymes

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97

pentose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases

what does nucleotides consist of

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98

DNA

double helix in shape

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99

deoxyribonucleic acid

what do DNA stands for

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100

deoxyribose

what is the sugar of dna

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