biomolecules

biomolecules

biological molecules produced by the cells
of the living organism.

true

true or false?

biomolecules are critical for life as it
helps organisms to carry out basic biological
processes such as reproduction, growth and
sustenance

molecular biology

The study of structure and
functioning of biological molecules

macro molecule

“giant molecule”

carbohydrates

what is the most abundant molecule of life

carbohydrates

also known as an energy source

carbohydrates

plants produce them in large amounts by photosynthesis

carbohydrate

consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

monosaccharides, disaccharides

what are the types of simple carbohydrates

monosaccharides

building blocks of more complex carbohydrate molecule

blood sugar

glucose is also known as?

fruit sugar

fructose is also known as?

brain sugar

galactose is also known as?

disaccharides

two monosaccharides combined

glucose and fructose

sucrose is made up of?

glucose and galactose

lactose is made up of?

glucose and glucose

maltose is made up of?

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

examples of complex carbohydrates?

oligosaccharides

Complex carbohydrates consists of three to
ten monosaccharides combined

glucose, fructose, and galactose

what are the components of the oligosaccharide named raffinose?

polysaccharides

many monosaccharides combined?

starch

plant carbohydrate

glycogen

animal starch

chitin

exo-skeleton of insects and crustaceans

cellulose

component of plant cell wall

proteins

building blocks of life

false

proteins are made up of cho. is this true or false?

amino acids

what are the building blocks of proteins

peptide bonds

what connects amino acids?

20

how many are the standard amino acid

11

how many is the non-essential amino acid

9

how many is the essential amino acid

food

where do the 9 essential amino acid come

naturally produced by our body

where do the 11 non-essential amino acid come

enzymes

Comprise most of the proteins in living cells

enzymes

Biological catalysts that increase the rate of
metabolic reactions

false

true or false? Functions of enzymes are greatly influenced by the
amount of the protein molecule

denaturation

change in chain structure by breaking of
peptide bonds

temperature, ph concentration of enzyme and substrate, collision of the molecules of enzyme and substrate

what are the factors affecting activity of enzymes?

catalyst

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction
without being changed or used up during it

false

catalysts are not reusable. true or false?

true

A different enzyme is needed for almost every chemical
reaction in your body. true or false?

single

how many enzymes can catalyze thousands or more
reactions a second?

ase

enzymes ends with?

lipase

breaks down lipids

catalase

breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

protease

breaks down proteins

sucrase

breaks down sucrose

amylase

breaks down starch (amylose) in human saliva

DNA polymerase

builds DNA

metabolic pathways

sequence of occurring chemical reactions in a cell

metabolic pathways

enzymes here work together

CoFactors

chemical substances that assist many enzymes
for chemical reaction to take place.

metallic ions

CoFactors are what ions?

coenzymes

organic enzymes that act as a cofactor

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAD?

flavin adenine dinucleotide

FAD?

catabolic pathways

digest large molecules, release energy

anabolic pathways

synthesize large molecules, requires energy

enzyme substrate complex

Combination when the active site interacts with the
substrate

false

Each enzyme has an active site which is the part of the
molecule that an enzyme binds to. true or false?

reactant

A substrate is a ? that binds to the active site of an
enzyme

false

The active site of an enzyme is general to its substrate. true or false?

true

The active site is typically a pocket or groove on the
surface of the protein. true or false?

Emil Fischer

who proposed the lock and key model of enzyme action

1899

when did the lock and key model was proposed

lock and key model

the active site of
an enzyme bears a
specific conformation that
complements the
substrate precisely so that
the substrate fits a
particular site in a manner
that’s similar to a lock and
key.

Daniel Koshland

who proposed the induced fit model

1958

what year did the induced fit model was proposed?

induced fit model

when an active site is exposed to a
substrate, the active site
undergoes a structural
change to improve
binding

triglycerides

body’s main energy reservoir

lipids

largely hydrocarbons

false

true or false? lipids are soluble in water

triglycerides

It stores unused calories and provide your body with energy

3

triglycerides are made up of one glycerol and how many fatty acids

fat

saturated fatty acid. solid at room temp. obtained through animals

oil

unsaturated fatty acid. liquid at room temp. obtained through plants

sphingolipids

complex lipids made up of sphingosine linked
through a complex polar head to one long fatty
acid chain

brain extracts

where were sphingolipids was discovered

1870’s

when was sphingolipids discovered?

nerve cell membrane

where are sphingolipids primary located

glycosphingolipids

cerebrosides are

phospholipids

it form micelles when disperse in water to form a bilayer

bilayer

basis of the phospholipid bilayer in all biological membrane

act as a barrier

main fucntion of the phospholipid is?

true

the cell, the phospholipids form a bilayer which
allows some molecules to pass through and
prevents others from passing through. true or false?

steroids

have a similar solubility as lipids but not fatty

steroid nucleus

basic structure of steroid

testosterone

primary androgen hormones

estrogen

promote the development and maintenance of
female characteristics of the body

cortisone

released in response to stress; decreases your
body's natural defensive response and reduces symptoms such
as swelling and allergic-type reactions; Acts as a precursor to
cortisol and has anti-inflammatory properties

vitamin d

calcium absorption

nucleic acids

informational molecules that
carry the code of life

nucleic acids

blueprints for proteins, thus
ultimately controlling the life of
a cell

nucleotides

building blocks of nucleic acids

nucleotides

chemical messengers, energy carriers and subunits
for nucleic acids and coenzymes

pentose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases

what does nucleotides consist of

DNA

double helix in shape

deoxyribonucleic acid

what do DNA stands for

deoxyribose

what is the sugar of dna