Unit 4 Mutations & DNA Technology

Mutation in somatic cell

Affects only the body cell of the organism

Mutation in gamete

Affects the offspring of the organism

Point mutation

Affects one sequence of DNA (gene) that codes for a protein

Gene mutations

Affects many sequences of DNA

Mutagenesis

Creation of mutation during replication, introduction of chemicals. Could provide genetic variation

Genetic engineering

Intentionally alternating or changing the DNA of an organism

Synthetic Biology

A new interdisciplinary area that involves the application of engineering principles to biology

Recombinant DNA

DNA made from 2 different sources m

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that cuts both strands of a DNA molecule at a specific palindromic sequences

Transgenic Organisms

Plants or animals whose DNA has been altered or changed

DNA Fingerprinting

A method used to identify DNA banding patterns that are unique to an individual

Cloning

The process of making genetically identical copies of an organism or gene

The Human Genome Project

An effort to map or sequence all the genes in humans

Gene Therapy

Treatment where normal genes are inserted into a patients DNA on order to correct genetic disorders or bad genes