APUSH Period 6 Vocab

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61 Terms

1

Californios

Spanish-speaking settlers in California.

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2

Chief Joseph

Leader of the Nez Perce tribe known for his resistance against U.S. forces.

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3

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S.

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4

Concentration policy

U.S. government policy to move Native Americans onto reservations.

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5

Dawes Severalty Act

1887 law that aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

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6

Geronimo

Leader of the Apache who resisted U.S. military efforts to subdue his people.

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7

Great Plains tribes

Native American tribes that inhabited the Great Plains region of the U.S.

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8

Homestead Act

1862 law that provided 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee.

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9

Little Bighorn

Site of the 1876 battle where General Custer was defeated by Native American forces.

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10

Long drive

The herding of cattle over long distances to railroads for shipment.

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11

Mark Twain

American author known for his novels 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' and 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'.

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12

Range wars

Conflicts between ranchers and farmers over land use.

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13

Rocky Mountain school

Artistic movement that focused on the American West.

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14

Turner Thesis

Argument by historian Frederick Jackson Turner that the American frontier shaped the nation's character.

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15

Wounded Knee

Site of the 1890 massacre of Lakota Sioux by U.S. troops.

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16

AFL

American Federation of Labor, a national federation of labor unions.

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17

American Socialist Party

Political party advocating for socialism in the U.S.

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18

Andrew Carnegie

Industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry.

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19

Eugene Debs

Labor leader and five-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party.

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20

Gospel of wealth

Philosophy that wealthy individuals have a responsibility to use their fortunes for the greater good.

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21

Haymarket bombing

1886 labor protest in Chicago that turned violent.

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22

Henry Ford

Founder of the Ford Motor Company and pioneer of assembly line production.

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23

Homestead Strike

1892 strike at Carnegie Steel that turned violent.

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24

Horizontal integration

Business strategy of acquiring competitors to increase market share.

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25

John D. Rockefeller

Founder of Standard Oil and one of the wealthiest individuals in history.

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26

J.P. Morgan

Financier and banker who helped to create General Electric and U.S. Steel.

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27

Knights of Labor

First significant labor organization in the U.S., founded in 1869.

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28

Louisa May Alcott

Author of 'Little Women', known for her contributions to American literature.

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29

Monopoly

Market structure where a single seller controls the entire market.

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30

Pullman Strike

1894 nationwide railroad strike that disrupted rail traffic.

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31

Samuel Gompers

Founding president of the American Federation of Labor.

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32

Social Darwinism

Theory that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies.

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33

Vertical integration

Business strategy of controlling all aspects of production.

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34

Wright brothers

Aviation pioneers credited with inventing and building the first successful airplane.

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35

City beautiful movement

Urban planning movement aimed at introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities.

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36

Consumerism

Social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services.

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37

Darwinism

Theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin.

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38

Jacob Riis

Social reformer known for his work on improving living conditions in urban areas.

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39

Tammany Hall

Political organization in New York City known for its corruption and influence.

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40

Tenements

Crowded, urban apartment buildings that housed poor immigrants.

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41

Vaudeville

A theatrical variety show popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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42

William James

Philosopher and psychologist known for his work on pragmatism.

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43

William (Boss) Tweed

Political leader known for his corrupt practices in New York City.

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44

William Randolph Hearst

Newspaper publisher known for sensational journalism.

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45

Benjamin Harrison

23rd President of the United States.

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46

Chester A. Arthur

21st President of the United States.

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47

Coxey's Army

Protest march by unemployed workers in 1894.

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48

Farmers' Alliances

Organizations of farmers that aimed to improve economic conditions.

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49

Free silver

Movement advocating for the unlimited coinage of silver.

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50

Grangers

Members of the Patrons of Husbandry, a farming organization.

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51

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th President of the United States.

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52

Half-Breeds

Faction of the Republican Party that favored civil service reform.

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53

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law that regulated railroads and established the Interstate Commerce Commission.

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54

James A. Garfield

20th President of the United States, assassinated in 1881.

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55

Panic of 1893

Severe economic depression that began in 1893.

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56

Pendleton Act

1883 law that established a merit-based system for federal employment.

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57

Populism

Political movement representing the interests of common people.

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58

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890 law aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition.

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59

Stalwarts

Faction of the Republican Party that opposed civil service reform.

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60

William Jennings Bryan

Three-time presidential candidate known for his populist views.

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61

William McKinley

25th President of the United States, assassinated in 1901.

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