MCAT_Physics Concepts and Equations

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466 Terms

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component vectors (Chapter 1)
X\=Vcosθ
Y\=Vsinθ
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determination of direction from component vectors
θ \= tan
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Dot product
A*B \= |A| |B| cosx
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cross product
A*B \= |A| |B| sinx
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instantaneous velocity
v\=lim (Δx/Δt)
Δt
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average velocity
v\=(Δx/Δt)
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Universal gravitation equation
Fg \= G m1 m2 / r^2
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static friction
0 < fs < usN
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kinetic friction
fk\=ukN
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Force of gravity equation
Fg\=mg
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center of mass
x\= m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3...../m1 + m2 + m3 + ....
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average acceleration
a\=Δv/Δt
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instantaneous acceleration
a\= lim (Δv/Δt)
Δt
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Newton's First Law
Fnet \=ma \= 0
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Newton's Second Law
F\=ma
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Newton's Third Law
Fab \=
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Kinematics (no displacement)
v \= v0 + at
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Kinematics (no final velocity)
x\= v(o)t + (at^2)/2
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kinetic energy (chapter 2)
KE \= 1/2mv^2
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gravitational potential energy
U \= mgh
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elastic potential energy
U \= 1/2kx^2
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Total Mechanical Energy
E \= U + K
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Conversion of Mechanical Energy
ΔE \= ΔU + ΔK \= 0
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Work done by nonconservative forces
Wnonconservative \= ΔE \= ΔU + ΔK
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Definition of work (mechanical)
W \= Fd \= Fdcosθ
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Definition of work (isobaric gas
piston system)
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Definition of power
P \= W/t \= ΔE/t
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work
energy theorem
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mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage \= (Fout)/(Fin)
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Efficiency
Efficiency \= Wout/Win \= (load)(load Distance)/(effort)(effort distance)
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Temperature Conversions (Chapter 3)
F \= 9/5C + 32
K \= C + 273
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Thermal expansion equation
ΔL\=αLΔT
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Volume expansion equation
ΔV\=βVΔT
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first law of thermodynamics
ΔU \= Q
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Heat gained or lost (phase change)
Q \= mL
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Entropy and heat
ΔS \= Qrev/T
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second law of thermodynamics
ΔSuniverse \= ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings \> 0
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Heat gained or lost (with temperature change)
q \= mcΔT
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Density (Chapter 4)
p \= m(mass)/ v (volume)
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Weight of a volume of fluid
Fg \= pVg
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specfic gravity
sg \= p/ (1 (g/cm3))
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pressure
p \= f (force)/ a (area)
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Absolute Pressure
P \= Po + pgz
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Gauge Pressure
Pgauge \= P
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Pascal's Principle
P \= F1/A1 \= F2/A2 F2 \= f1( A2/A1)
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buoyant force
Fbuoy \= Pfluid Vfluiddisplaced * g \= Pfluid Vsubmerged *g
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Poiseuille's Law
Q\= (πr^4 ∆P)/8ηL
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η: viscosity of the fluid
Q: flow rate (volume flowing per time)
ΔP: pressure gradient
r: radius of tube
L: length of tube

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Critical Speed
Vc\=(Nr*n)/(p*D)
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continuity equation
Q\=v1A1\=v2A2
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Bernoulli's Equation
P1 +1/2 ρv_1^2+ρgh_1\= P_2+1/2 ρv_2^2+ρgh_2
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P : absolute pressure of the fluid
v: linear speed
h: height of the fluid

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Coulomb's Law (chapter 5)
F\=K q₁*q₂/r², magnitude of force between two charges
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electric field
E \= (Fe/ q )\= (Kq/r²)
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electric potential energy
U \= kQq/r
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Electric potential (from electric potential energy)
V \= U /q
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Electric potential (from source charge)
V \= kQ/r
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Voltage
ΔV \= Vb
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Electric potential near a dipole
V \= (kqd/r^2)cosθ
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dipole moment
p \= qd
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Electric field on the perpendicular bisector of a dipole
E \= (1 / 4πe0) *(p/r^3)
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Torque on a dipole in an electric field
T\= p*E*sin(ϴ)
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Magnetic field from a straight wire
B \= μ0I/2πr
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Magnetic field from a loop of a wire
B\=µ0I/2r
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Magnetic force on a moving point charge
Fb \= qvBsinθ
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magnetic force on a current carrying wire
Fb\=ILBsinθ
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current (chapter 6)
I\=Q/Δt
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Kirchoff's Junction Rule
I into junction \= I leaving junction
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Kirchoff's Loop Rule
V source \= V drop
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Definition of resistance
R \= pL/A
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Ohm's Law
V\=IR
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Voltage and cell emf
V \= Ecell
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Definition of power
P \= W/t \= ΔE/t
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electric power
P \= IV \= I^2R \= V^2/R
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Voltage drop across circuit elements (series)
Vs\=V1+V2+V3+...+Vn
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Equivalent resistance in series
Rs\=R1+R2+R3+...+Rn
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Voltage drop across circuit elements (parallel)
Vp\=V1\=V2\=V3\=...\=Vn
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Equivalent resistance in parallel
1/Rp \= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... + 1/Rn
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Definition of Capacitance
C\= Q/V
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Capacitance based on parallel plate geometry
C\=e0(A/d)
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Electric field in a capacitor
E \= V/d
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Potential energy of a capacitor
U \= 1/2CV^2
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Capacitance with a dielectric material
C' \= kC
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Equivalent capacitance (series)
1/Cs \= 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 + ... + 1/Cn
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Equivalent capacitance (parallel)
Cp \= C1 + C2 + C3 + ... + Cn
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Wave speed (chapter 7)
v\=fλ
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period
T \= 1/f
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angular frequency
ω \= 2πf \= 2π/T
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speed of sound
v \= √B/p
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Doppler effect
f\=f₀(v±Vd)/(v±Vs), Vd is speed of detector, Vs is speed of source. + top
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Intensity
I \= P /A
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sound level
B \= 10 log (I/Io)
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Change in sound level
Bf \= Bi + 10 log (If/Ii)
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beat frequency
f\=|f₁
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wave length of standing wave (strings and open pipes)
lambda \= 2L /n
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Frequency of a standing wave (strings and open pipes)
f \= (nv) / (2L)
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Wave length of a standing wave (closed pipes)
lambda \= 4L/n
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Frequency of a standing wave (closed pipes)
f \= nv/4L
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Speed of light from frequency and wave length (chapter 8)
c \=f*lambda
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law of reflection
θ1 \= θ2