GB2 Lab quiz- fungi and spounges

What lineage

Opisthokonta

Opisthokonta includes what two kingdoms

Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Fungi

Fungi are ____ that utilize ____ ______

heterotrophs, external digestion

Fungi release _____ that break down _____ and _____

enzymes, lignin, cellulose

What are fungi made of

mycelium

hypha

cell wall

What are the 5 fungal Phyla

Chytridiomycota

Zygomycota

Glomeromycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Characteristics of Chytridiomycota

swimming gametes and spores

aquatic fungi

bad for amphibians

Characteristics of Zygomycota

zygosporangia

Characteristics of Glomeromycota

fungi associated w/ roots (mycorrhizae)

asexual spores

plants receives nutrients and moisture from

fungi receives carbohydrates

Characteristics of Ascomycota

yeast, mildew, truffles, cup fungi

help us make cheese, alcohol, bread, antibiotics

sexual = ascus, ascospores [8] (N), and ascocarp

asexual = conidiophores, conidia

Characteristics of Basidiomycota

mushrooms, puffballs

basidia, basidiospores (2N) and basidiocarp

Plasmogamy

fusion of the cytoplasm

Heterokaryotic

a cell/hyphae contains genetically distinct nuclei

Kariogamy

fusion of the nuclei to form a diploid zygote

(zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores)

What is sexual reproduction for fungi

no males and females

mating types (carry different alleles)

thousands of mating types

what is this

reproduction of fungi

Fungi are _______

decomposers

fungi cell walls contain _____, _____, and ______

proteins, glucans, chitin

What are lichens

symbiote between fungi (ascomycete/basidiomycete) and algae (cyanobacteria, photosynthetic)

What is Phylum Porifera

spounges

Characteristics of Porifera (sponges) animals

invertebrets, multicellular, asymmetrical, no tissues

Characteristics of Porifera (sponges) movemen

sessile(none), attach to substrates

Characteristics of Porifera (sponges) reproduction

asexually— budding or fragmentation

sexually- hermaphroditic (M+F)

Characteristics of Porifera (sponges) feeding

filter feeders

filter feeding

uptake of nutrients by chanocytes

Ostia _____

Osculum _____

H2O in

H2O out

Songilla Gemmules for

asexual reproduction

Spongocoel, contains ____, _____, ____, ____, and ____

inside cavity

ostia, spicules, amoebocytes, mesohyl, choanocytes

Ostia

pores

Spicules

support and protection

can be made from: silica, Ca, spongin

Amoebocytes

act as a circulatory system

move up + down

Mesohyl

gel like

Choanocytes

specialized cells that allow sponges to filter + eat

Phylum Cnidaria has 4 classes

Hydrozoa

Schyphozoa

Cubozoa

Anthazoa

Phylum Cnidaria movement

nerve nets

nerve nets

coordinate cell contractions

Phylum Cnidaria feeding

cnidocytes

cnidocytes

entangle/stun prey

Class Hydrozoa

polyp dominant

Hydra(solitary) and Obelia(colonies)

Class Anthozoa

corals and sea anemones

polyp form only

Calcium in shells

feed via zooxanthellae (think of coral bleaching)

zooxanthellae

photosynthetic

what produces the color of coral

provide C + O — get N₂

Class Scyphozoa

jellyfish

movement via muscular ring to propel

reproduction via gonads (M/F)

feeding via cnidocytes and oral arms

Class Cubozoa

medsua form only

VERY small but fatal

gelatinous cubes that float through the water

Phylum Ctenophora

comb jellies

have one mouth, two anal pores, and 8 rows of ciliated combs

Phylum Ctenophora characteristics

no polyp/medusa form

radial symmetry

DO NOT STING

have colloblasts (sticky cells)

nerve nets + ganglia

sensory cells (detect light and gravity)

move via cilia