M-S (copy)

MODIFIED-RELEASE

 a release pattern of the active ingredient from the dosage form that has been deliberately changed from that of the conventional form.

• It includes accelerated release,

  delayed release, extended release, pulsatile release, and targeted release

MOLDED TABLET

a tablet that has been formed by dampening the ingredients and pressing them into a mold, then removing and drying the resulting solid mass

MOUTHWASH

an aqueous solution used to rinse the oral cavity

NASAL

route of administration (mucosal) characterized by deposition in the nasal cavity for local or systemic effect.

OCULAR

 route of administration indicating deposition of the API within the eye.

OIL

an unctuous, combustible substance that is liquid, or easily liquefiable, on warming and is soluble in ether but insoluble in water.

• Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils

OINTMENT

  a semisolid preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membrane.

• A semisolid dosage form, usually

  containing <20% water and volatiles and more than 50% hydrocarbons, waxes, or polyols as the vehicle.

• This dosage form generally is for external application to the skin or mucous membranes.

OPHTHALMIC

a route of administration characterized by application of a sterile preparation to the external parts of the eye

OPHTHALMIC OINNTMENT

a sterile ointment intended for application to the eye.

OPHTHALMIC PREPARATION

drug in a dosage form intended to be applied to the eye.

OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION

a sterile solution, essentially free from foreign particles, suitably prepared and packaged for application to the eye

OPHTHALMIC STRIP

  a sterile single-use container or sterile impregnated paper strip containing the drug to be applied to the eye

OPHTALMIC SUSPENSION

a sterile liquid preparation containing solid particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle intended for application to the eye.

ORALLY DISINTEGRATING

a descriptive term for a solid oral dosage form that disintegrates rapidly in the mouth prior to swallowing.

• The API is generally intended for gastrointestinal delivery and/or absorption.

OROPHARYNGEAL

 a route of administration characterized by deposition of a preparation into the oral cavity and/or pharyngeal region to exert a local or systemic effect

OTIC

  a route of administration characterized by deposition of a preparation into, or by way of, the ear.

• Also referred to as aural.

OTIC SOLUTION

 a solution intended for instillation in the outer ear.

OTIC SUSPENSION

a liquid preparation containing micronized particles intended for instillation in the outer ear.

PASTE

a semisolid dosage form that contains one

or more drug substances intended for topical

application.

• It generally contains a high concentration of solids (20% to 50%) and has a stiff consistency.

• It is intended for application to the

  skin, oral cavity, or mucous membranes

PASTILLE

an aromatic preparation, often with a pleasing flavor, usually intended to dissolve in the mouth.

PATCH

 a drug delivery system that often contains an adhesive backing usually applied to an external site on the body.

• Its ingredients either passively diffuse from or are actively transported from some portion of the patch

PELLET

A small solid dosage form of

uniform, often spherical, shape.

• Spherical pellets are sometimes referred to as beads.

• Pellets intended as implants must be sterile.

(Also a solid granule or regular shape prepared by

compaction, molding, or granulation.)

PERIODONTAL

descriptive term for a preparation that

is applied around a tooth for localized action

PILL

a solid spherical dosage form usually prepared by a wet massing technique

PLASTER

  a solid or semisolid mass supplied on a

backing material and intended to provide prolonged contact with the skin

PLEDGET

 a small compress or tuft, usually of cotton or cotton wool, used to apply disinfectant or medicament to the skin

POULTICE

a soft, moist mass of meal, herbs, seed, etc., usually applied hot on a cloth that consists of gruel-like consistency

POWDER

an intimate mixture of dry, finely divided drug and/or chemicals that may be intended for internal (oral) or external (topical) use

POWDER, INHALATION

a powder containing an API for oral inhalation.

• The powder is used with a

  device that aerosolizes and delivers an accurately metered amount.

PREMIX

a mixture of one or more drug substances

with a suitable vehicle

PULSATILE RELEASE

  a release pattern of the active

ingredient from the dosage form modified to

release aliquots of the total dose at two or more

time intervals.

RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS

  “radioactive pharmaceuticals,” or substances labeled with radioisotope and used for diagnostic imaging or therapy.

• Each name specifies the substance, the isotope, and the dosage form

RECTAL

a route of administration (mucosal) characterized by deposition into the rectum to provide local or systemic effect.

RINSE

a solution used to cleanse by flushing

SALVE

  a thick ointment or cerate (a fat- or wax based preparation with a consistency between

an ointment and a plaster).

SEMISOLID

attribute of a material characterized by a reduced ability to flow or conform to its container at room temperature.

• A semisolid does not flow at low shear stress and generally exhibits plastic flow behavior

SHAMPOO

  a solution, emulsion, or suspension used to clean the hair and scalp.

SOAP

 the alkali salt(s) of one or more fatty acids

SOFT GEL CAPSULE

a specific capsule type characterized by increased levels of plasticizers producing a more pliable and thicker-walled material than hard gelatin capsules.

• ARE further distinguished because they

  are single-piece sealed dosages.

• Frequently used for delivering liquid compositions

SOLUTION

 a liquid preparation that contains one or more dissolved (molecularly dispersed) chemical substances in a suitable solvent or mixture of miscible solvents; it may be oral, topical, otic, or ophthalmic.

• A clear, homogenous liquid dosage form that contains one or more chemical substances dissolved in a solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents.

SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE

a liquid preparation (i.e., a substance that flows readily in its natural state) that contains a drug dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents; the drug has been strengthened by the evaporation of its nonactive parts.

SPIRIT

 an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of volatile substances prepared usually by simple solution or by admixture of the ingredients

SPONGE

a porous, interlacing, absorbent material that contains a drug.

• It is typically used for applying or introducing medication or for cleansing

• retains its shape

SPRAY

 a liquid minutely divided as by a jet of air

or steam;

• used to facilitate application to the intended area

STENT, DRUG ELUTING

a specialized form of implant used for extended local delivery of the API to the immediate location of stent placement.

STERILE

 completely lacking living (viable) microbial life.

STERILITY

an acceptably high level of probability that a product processed in an aseptic system does not contain viable microorganisms.

STICK

 a slender, cylindrical dosage form of rigid consistency.

SUBLINGUAL

  a route of administration (mucosal) characterized by placement underneath the tongue and for release of the API for absorption in that region.

SUPPOSITORY

 a solid dosage form in which one or more APIs are dispersed in a suitable base and molded or otherwise formed into a suitable shape for insertion into the rectum to provide local or systemic effect

SUSPENSION

 a liquid preparation that consists of solid particles dispersed throughout a liquid phase in which the particles are not soluble;

• it may be oral, topical, otic, or ophthalmic.

SWAB

  a small piece of relatively flat absorbent material that contains a drug.

• may also be attached to one end of a small stick.

• is typically used for applying medication or for cleansing.

SYRUP

a solution containing a high concentration

of sucrose or other sugars

SYSTEM, INTRAUTERINE

  a system that is intended for release of drug over a long period, such as a year.

SYSTEM

 a dosage form developed to allow for uniform release or targeting of drugs to the body

SYSTEM, OCULAR

a dosage form intended for placement in the lower conjunctival fornix, from which the drug diffuses through a membrane at a constant rate.

SYSTEM, TRANSDERMAL

a self-contained, discrete dosage form that is designed to deliver drug(s) through the intact skin to the systemic circulation.