Eukaryotic cells

Cell theory

All living organisms are made of cells

Cells are the basic functional unit in living organisms

New cells are produced from pre existing cells

Nucleus

Double membrane envelope

Contains DNA

Contains pores enabling molecules to enter and leave the nucleus e.g. mRNA

Nucleolus = site of ribosome production

RER [ rough endoplasmic reticulum ]

Flattened sacs enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface

Folds and processes proteins made on ribosomes (in the nucleus)

SER [ smooth endoplasmic reticulum ]

Produces + processes lipids

Membrane bound sacs, without ribosomes on the surface

Golgi apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins (after RER)

Also lipids produces lysosomes

Vesicles surrounds edges, flat curved fluid filled sacs

Mitochondria

Double membrane

Inner membrane folded which forms projections (increases SA) = CRISTAE

fluid matrix inside which contains enzymes [cellular respiration] and ATP production

Centrioles

Hollow cylinders (rings of microtubules)

Involved in cell division

80s ribosomes

Two sub units

Site of protein synthesis

Lysosomes

Vesicles, contains digestive enzymes (hydrolytic)

Bound single membrane

Breakdown any of the cells waste destroy disease causing organisms that enter the cell