Authoritarian Leaders

Post-WWI Germany

Period marked by economic hardship and resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, fostering extremist ideologies.

Nazi Party

Political party led by Hitler, known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party, utilizing propaganda for support.

Beer Hall Putsch (1923)

An unsuccessful coup attempt by Hitler that resulted in his imprisonment, during which he wrote Mein Kampf.

Reichstag Fire (1933)

Event used as a pretext by Hitler to suspend civil liberties and consolidate his power.

Enabling Act (1933)

Legislation that granted Hitler dictatorial powers.

Autocratic Rule

Establishment of a totalitarian regime by Hitler, suppressing opposition and controlling German life.

Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust

Systematic persecution and extermination of Jews and other minority groups in Nazi Germany.

Rearmament

Rapid military expansion that violated the Treaty of Versailles.

Invasion of Poland (1939)

Military action that triggered World War II.

Cuban Revolution (1959)

Guerrilla movement led by Castro that overthrew the US-backed Batista dictatorship.

26th of July Movement

Organized armed struggle against Batista's regime, led by Fidel Castro.

Socialist State

State established by Castro that nationalized industries and implemented land reforms.

Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)

Failed CIA-backed attempt by Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro.

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

Tense standoff between the US and Cuba over Soviet nuclear missile placement.

US Embargo

Long-standing economic blockade imposed by the United States on Cuba.

Healthcare and Education

Significant public investments made by Castro in Cuba's health and education systems.

Chinese Communist Revolution (1949)

Mao's victory against the Nationalist Kuomintang in a civil war.

Long March (1934-1936)

A strategic retreat that solidified Mao's leadership and the Communist Party's support.

Great Leap Forward (1958-1962)

Disastrous campaign by Mao aimed at rapid industrialization and collectivization, causing famine.

Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)

Movement to purge capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society, leading to chaos.

Cult of Personality

Mao's establishment of an image of himself as an infallible leader.

Sino-Soviet Split

Deterioration of relations between China and the Soviet Union.