2a. Plant Cells and Tissues

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and functions of plant cells, tissues, and structures relevant for the exam.

Ground Tissue

Plant tissue that makes up the bulk of the plant body, involved in photosynthesis, storage, and support.

Vascular Tissue

Plant tissue responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients; includes xylem and phloem.

Dermal Tissue

The outer protective layer of a plant; includes the epidermis and periderm.

Apical Meristem

The region at the tips of roots and shoots responsible for primary growth.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals upward from the roots.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis.

Parenchyma Cells

Flexibly dormant cells in ground tissue responsible for storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair.

Collenchyma Cells

Supporting cells in ground tissue, providing flexibility and support to growing parts of the plant.

Sclerenchyma Cells

Supportive cells in plants with thick, lignified walls, forming fibers and sclerids.

Cork Cambium

The lateral meristem that produces the outer bark in woody plants.

Mycorrhizae

Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots, enhancing nutrient absorption.

Root Cap

Protective structure at the root tip that facilitates growth through soil.

Stomata

Small openings on the leaf surface that regulate gas exchange.

Secondary Growth

Growth that increases the stem and root diameter, primarily through the activity of the vascular cambium.

Meristematic Tissue

Undifferentiated plant tissue that can divide and give rise to various types of plant cells.

Trichomes

Hair-like structures on the plant surface that serve various functions including protection and reducing water loss.

Fibers

Long, slender cells that provide strength and support to the plant.

Periderm

The protective outer layer of a plant that replaces the epidermis during secondary growth.

Lenticels

Small openings in the periderm that facilitate gas exchange.