GPT 16 AP hug

Voluntary Migration

Migration carried out by choice, without coercion.

International Migration

Moving from one country to another, e.g., European migration to the U.S. in the 1800s.

Internal Migration

Migration within a country, often referred to as interregional migration.

Step Migration

Migrants move in stages, typically from rural areas to towns and then to cities.

Chain Migration

One person’s migration prompts family or friends to follow, creating ethnic neighborhoods.

Return Migration

Moving back to the original home, such as retirees returning to the South from the North.

Seasonal Migration

Movement according to seasonal patterns, e.g., ‘Snowbirds’ moving to Florida during winter.

Mobility Transition Model (Zelinsky)

Model describing how migration patterns change with stages of demographic transition.

Forced Migration

Migration compelled by external factors like disasters, conflicts, or development projects.

Refugees

Cross-border migrants fleeing persecution; e.g., 36.4 million refugees mid-2023.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

Individuals forced from home but remain within their country.

Asylum Seekers

Individuals requesting refugee status internationally.

Ethnic Cleansing / Genocide

Forcible removal of an ethnic group which may involve mass killings.

Refugee Challenges

Managed by UNHCR; often temporary camps with delayed repatriation.