chapter 5 sedimentary rocks

________ is a common mineral found in igneous rocks, the most abundant mineral in detrital sedimentary rocks

quartz

__________ cement produces bright red and yellow colors in some sandstone

iron oxide

what is probably the single most important, original, depositional feature in sedimentary rocks?

bedding or stratification

which statement concerning sedimentary rock is not true?

they were originally deposited at depth below the bottom of the sea

detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the

grain sizes of the detrital particles

which type of sediment undergoes the most compaction as it lithifies to sedimentary rocks?

marine mud

_______ is the most common type of chemical sedimentary rock

limestone

which one of the following is not a chemical sedimentary rock or evaporite?

shale

coal beds originate in

freshwater coastal swamps and bogs

lithification, the process by which sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks includes

compaction and cementation

cementation of sediments occurs when minerals ______ the spaces between sediment grains

precipitate in

diagenesis refers to

physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock

precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock

chemical

the majority of the rocks that are formed at the surface of the earth are ___ rocks

sedimentary

two major sources of energy, coal, and oil shale are considered _____ sedimentary rocks

organic

which rock type can contain fossils?

sedimentary rocks

which of the following rocks composed of silt and clay sized particles displays fissility?

shale

which environment would be likely to produce a black shale?

swamp

_______ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrial sedimentary rock

sorting

which of the following best describes the appearance and composition of a conglomerate (type of clastic rock)?

rounded fragments; poorly sorted

______ processes, such as evaporation or precipitation, can precipitate chemical sediments

inorganic

which of the following trace materials produces bright red colors in some cherts?

iron oxide

which of the following textural terms describes the texture of nonclastic sedimentary rocks?

crystalline

a ________ marks the end of one episode of sedimentation and the beginning of another

bedding plane

______ are primary sources of groundwater

sedimentary rocks

which of the following processes will release CO2 into the atmosphere?

burning of fossil fuels and weathering of carbonate

which process will remove CO2 from the atmosphere and sequester it?

deposition of carbonate sediments

what sediment particle size(s) make up shale?

silt and clay

what are 2 examples of inorganic limestone?

travertine and oolitic limestone

there are no sediments on the deep seafloor (TRUE OR FALSE)

false