ch 10

what are 3 common myths regarding spanish as a heritage language?

• spanish did not have a prominent presence in the US until relatively recently

• granting spanish speakers access to govt’ services in the US began only recently

• recent spanish speaking immigrants have resisted learning english which accounts for large #s of spanish speakers in the US today

what is a heritage langage?

nondominant languages spoken by groups that are sometimes referred to as “lingusitic minorities”

what 3 areas was spanish exploration centered on?

• the southeast

• texas & the southern rocky mtn region, & the great plains

• California

Over the course of the 19th century, who took possession of all 3 spanish holdings incrementally?

the US

what is interesting about the first great influxes of spanish speaking ppl that is different from other heritage languages?

the first great influxes were due to annexation not immigration

what were the 2 major waves of immigration from mexico?

1. the onset of the mexican revolution in 1910

2. right after WWII

T/F? while the numbers of spanish speakers has significantly increased, the linguistic rights that were previously granted to spanish speakers have eroded over time (especially areas that were annexed by the US)

TRUE

during the 20th century two braod categories of spanish speakers were created, hispanic and latino. What differentiates these groups?

hispanic - ancestry from spain & latin america (excluding brazil)

latino - ancestry from latin america (including brazil)

what was the first spanish publication?

The “El Misisipi” a newspaper printed in new orleans in 1808

what are 3 reasons for varieties of spanish in the new world?

• linguistic drift from the parent variety of the language

• adaptation to the new environment

• contact with indigenous languages in the americas

what is new mexican spanish? what are it’s 2 dialects?

a dialect of spanish spoken in new mexico & southern colorado that developed due to geographical & political isolation from other spanish-speaking communities beginning in the 16th century

• traditional Spanish

• border spanish

what is mock spanish?

a phenomenon by which spanish words & phrases are appropriated by non-spansih speakers for humorous effect

T/F? Among heritage languages in the US, Spanish has the greatest # of conditions favoring it’s survival

TRUE

what is the key to the maintenance of spanish in the US?

continued migration of spanish speakers, no matter their country of origin